Mount Kilimanjaro Guide: Information On How To Plan A Trip To Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro: Africa's Premier Climbing Destination – Guided by Local Guides
Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest peak and the world’s tallest free-standing mountain, is a premier destination for climbers and trekkers. Mount Kilimanjaro is a dormant volcano located in Tanzania, and it holds the title of the highest mountain in Africa, reaching an elevation of 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level. It is also recognized as the highest free-standing mountain in the world, located in Tanzania’s Kilimanjaro National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The mountain comprises three volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira, with Kibo being the tallest and the only one currently dormant, while Mawenzi and Shira are extinct.The mountain lies just 205 miles from the equator, making it a unique environment with glaciers and snow-capped peaks near the equator.
The geological history of Kilimanjaro dates back to around 750,000 years ago, when the first volcanic activity began. The oldest rocks on the mountain date back to around 2.5 million years, acclimatized, indicating that the area has been subject to intense volcanic activity for a long time. Kilimanjaro was formed by repeated volcanic eruptions over hundreds of thousands of years. The most recent activity occurred about 200 years ago, and it was a small steam eruption from the Ash Pit, located on the southern flank of Kibo. The last major eruption occurred about 360,000 years ago and resulted in the formation of the caldera at the summit of Kibo.
Kilimanjaro’s geology is characterized by layers of volcanic rock, including basalt and andesite lava flows, volcanic ash, and tephra. The mountain is also home to several glaciers, which are thought to have formed during the Little Ice Age between 1400 and 1900 AD. Sadly, as is often reported, these glaciers are melting away each year.
The first recorded ascent of Kilimanjaro was made in 1889 by Hans Meyer, a German geographer, and Ludwig Purtscheller, an Austrian mountaineer. Since then, the mountain has become a popular destination for climbers and trekkers from around the world, with around 50,000 people attempting to climb it each year.
Planning Your Trip Mount Kilimanjaro
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro requires careful planning and preparation. Start by choosing the right time to climb, typically during the dry seasons, and arrange your travel to Tanzania. Key decisions include selecting a date, choosing a route and duration (5-9 days), and picking a Kilimanjaro trekking guide. You’ll also need to consider costs, train for fitness, and prepare for challenges like altitude sickness. This overview provides a snapshot of what it takes to tackle Africa’s highest peak, with more detailed guidance available on dedicated pages.
Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest peak, offers a thrilling adventure for climbers. A professional Kilimanjaro mountain guide ensures a safe and successful ascent, providing expertise on popular routes like Machame or Marangu. They assist with acclimatization, share local knowledge, and enhance the experience with insights into the mountain’s unique ecosystem. Hiring a licensed and experienced Kilimanjaro mountain guide is essential for navigating the challenging terrain, ensuring safety, and making the climb to the summit, Uhuru Peak, a memorable and rewarding achievement
Mount Kilimanjaro is considered a hiking or “walk-up” peak, requiring no technical skills or equipment. The easiest route to the summit is via the hiking trail, which takes most climbers 5-9 days to complete. Climbers typically start from the base of the mountain at an altitude of 700-1,000 meters (2,300-3,300 ft) above sea level.
Climbers must be aware of the risks associated with altitude sickness, which can manifest as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE), or High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE). It is essential to acclimatize properly and monitor health conditions closely.
Best Time to Climb Mount Kilimanjaro:
The best time to climb Mt Kilimanjaro is during the dry seasons, which are typically from June to October and from December to February.
These periods offer the most comfortable temperatures and the least amount of precipitation. During the dry seasons, the weather on Mount Kilimanjaro is generally cool and dry, making for better climbing conditions. However, it’s important to note that temperatures can still drop significantly, especially at higher altitudes.
The average temperature at the base of Mt Kilimanjaro is between 21ºC – 27ºC (70 to 80 Fahrenheit). As you climb up, the temperatures go down, and it can get as cold as -7ºC to -29ºC (-20ºF) during the night. It’s crucial to be prepared for a wide range of temperatures and to pack accordingly.
Mount Kilimanjaro Weather Patterns Overview
- January: It is relatively dry, with occasional showers.
- February: Similar to January, it is relatively dry, with occasional showers.
- March: It is the beginning of the rainy season, so rainfall increases.
- April: It is the peak of the rainy season, with increased rainfall.
- May: It is still the rainy season with occasional showers.
- June: It is the start of the dry season, with decreasing rainfall.
- July: It is the dry season with minimal rainfall.
- August: Dry season continues with minimal rainfall.
- September: Dry season continues, with the weather starting to warm up.
- October: It is towards the end of the dry season, with warmer temperatures.
- November: It is the start of the short rainy season.
- December: It is the beginning of the short dry season, with decreasing rainfall.
Main Mount Kilimanjaro Routes to Uhuru Peak:
There are 6 main approach routes leading up the slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro to Uhuru Peak. They are named after the places from where they begin:
- Lemosho and Shira-West.
- Marangu, Machame, and Umbwe—South
- Rongai- North
The 7th Kilimanjaro route, Mweka, is used for descending only. Whichever route is chosen, the climb can all be divided into 3 parts:
- The approach trek to the last campsite before the summit attempt.
- The first ascent to the rim on the summit attempt.
- The traverse around the rim to Uhuru Peak.
The standard routes via Shira, Lemosho, Machame, and Umbwe reach the rim at Stella Point (5685 m) from the last campsite at Barafu Camp (4680m), whilst Marangu, Rongai and the traverse approach via the Northern Circuit reach the rim at Gilman’s Point (5681m) from the last campsite at Kibo Camp (4730m) or School Hut (4750m).
The least popular routes are Marangu, Shira, and Umbwe. The Marangu route is the only route with sleeping huts but the least scenic. All the rest are camping routes with designated campsites. Shira is rarely used by trekkers because of the dirt motorway used by rescue vehicles. Umbwe route has a reputation for being the most challenging and having a low summit success rate. It is the shortest and steepest and has a poor acclimatization, profile.
The more popular and scenic routes are Lemosho and Machame. Because of overcrowding, particularly during the peak season, some trekkers now choose to approach the summit from Rongai or traverse the Northern Circuit via Lemosho to avoid the crowd.
There are 6, 7 and 8-day climbing itineraries for Mt Kilimanjaro. Unless you are well acclimatised to high altitude ahead of the climb or have extensive experience climbing mountains above 5000m.
So just how hard is Kilimanjaro?
- It is a 3-mile vertical climb.
- There are 5 different climatic zones from Bushland to the Arctic.
- The ascent to the summit: 6 – 7 hrs, a 1300m – 1400m ascent, it’s dark, it’s cold, and it will be below zero on the summit.
- Summit day is over 12 hrs long, including the descent from the summit to the next night’s stop.
- Altitude sickness is a real threat on summit day.
Pole-Pole
“Pole-pole” is the motto on Kilimanjaro – it means “slowly, slowly” in Kiswahili – and throughout the trek, your guides will keep saying “pole-pole” to you. They will ensure that you walk at a slow and steady pace, and constantly remind you of the importance of adequate hydration. Regardless of your fitness levels and how slowly you ascend, it is likely that you will still feel some of the effects of altitude. Most people experience mild altitude sickness and recover quickly. However, if you’re affected by a serious altitude problem, you will need to descend to a lower altitude with a member of our local team, and it may be necessary to abandon the trek in the interest of your safety.
We can operate our private treks for any given departure date and any group size, making this option ideal for family and friendship groups that wish to trek together.
We are happy to edit the itinerary to suit your preferences, and please let us know if you wish to extend the trip in any way. We also offer the fabulous Tanzania Safari in Arusha National Park or Serengeti National Park, and this can easily be included to extend the itinerary.
Do You Need a Guide to Climb Mount Kilimanjaro?
Yes. If you are planning to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, which requires a licensed guide as mandated by Kilimanjaro National Park, it is highly recommended to hire local guides from Kilimanjaro to ensure a safe and successful trek.
STEPS TO FOLLOW
Booking a Kilimanjaro Guide
1. Choose the Right Time to Visit: Consider the best time of year for your Kilimanjaro climb. The dry seasons (January to March and June to October) are generally recommended.
2. Select Your Climb Duration: Kilimanjaro treks vary in duration, typically 5 to 9 days. Choose a duration that suits your fitness level and preferences.
3. Pick a Kilimanjaro Route: There are several routes to the summit, each with its characteristics. Research and select a route that aligns with your goals and preferences.
4. Group Climb or Private Climb?: Decide whether you want to join a group trek or a private climb. Group treks can be more social, while private climbs offer flexibility.
5. How much does the guide charge for their services?: The cost of hiring a Kilimanjaro guide can vary depending on several factors, including the route, duration of the trek, and the level of service provided
6. Pay the Deposit and Confirm Your Booking: Once you’ve decided,pay the required 30% deposit to secure your spot.
Private Mount Kilimanjaro trekking
All our packages offer flexible hike starting dates. We can schedule a new private Mount Kilimanjaro trekking to start on any day you want. On a private hike will your group have your own private team of guides, porters and cook. Your meals will be served in a private dining tent. Please note however that the trails and campsites will still be shared. You will meet hikers from other groups along the way.
5 Day Marangu Route
5 day / 4 night hike + 2 nights hotel
1 Hiker single
$ 2 008 p/p
2 Hikers sharing
$ 1 783 p/p
3 to 4 hikers sharing
$ 1 678 p/p
6 Day Marangu Route
5 day / 4 night hike + 2 nights hotel
1 Hiker single
$ 2 308 p/p
2 Hikers sharing
$ 2 058 p/p
3 to 4 hikers sharing
$ 1 928 p/p
6 Day Machame Or Umbwe Route
6 day / 5 night hike + 2 nights hotel
1 Hiker single
$ 2 328 p/p
2 Hikers sharing
$ 2 078 p/p
3 to 4 hikers sharing
$ 1 948 p/p
7 Day Machame Or Umbwe Route
7 day / 6 night hike + 2 nights hotel
1 Hiker single
$ 2 608 p/p
2 Hikers sharing
$ 2 348 p/p
3 to 4 hikers sharing
$ 2 203 p/p
6 Day Shira, Lemosho Or Rongai Route
6 day / 5 nights hike + 2 nights hotel
1 Hiker single
$ 2 648 p/p
2 Hikers sharing
$ 2 243 p/p
3 to 4 hikers sharing
$ 2 063 p/p
7 Day Shira, Lemosho Or Rongai Route
7 day / 6 night hike + 2 nights hotel
1 Hiker single
$ 2 938 p/p
2 Hikers sharing
$ 2 513 p/p
3 to 4 hikers sharing
$ 2 313 p/p
8 Day Shira, Lemosho Or Rongai Route
8 day / 7 night hike + 2 nights hotel
1 Hiker single
$ 3 228 p/p
2 Hikers sharing
$ 2 773 p/p
3 to 4 hikers sharing
$ 2 568 p/p
8 Day Northern Circuit Include Toilet Rental
8 day / 7 night hike + 2 nights hotel
1 Hiker single
$ 3 588 p/p
2 Hikers sharing
$ 2 938 p/p
3 to 4 hikers sharing
$ 2 668 p/p
9 Day Northern Circuit Route Include Toilet Rental
9 day / 8 night hike + 2 nights hotel
1 Hiker single
$ 3 918 p/p
2 Hikers sharing
$ 3 228 p/p
3 to 4 hikers sharing
$ 2683p/p
The cost of Private Kilimanjaro trek include the following:
Before the Trek:
- 2 nights shared hotel accommodation in Moshi town (or Marangu) on bed and breakfast basis.
- Hotel / Lodge include safe storage facilities for excess luggage during hikes.
- Return transfer between the hotel to the start / finish point of a climb.
- Our exclusive, printable 15 page altitude sickness survival guide
- A comprehensive Travel Information pack
- Transfers between JRO airport and the hotel.
During the Trek:
- All Park fees, camping / hut fees and climbing permits
- Kilimanjaro National Park rescue team fees
- Trained and certified English speaking mountain guides.
- Chief guide carries a pulse Oximeter and do health check twice a daily while on the mountain.
- 1 Emergency oxygen set per group send on all hikes (for use in emergencies only – not as summiting aid).
- 1 Medical First Aid kit per group send on all hikes (for use in emergencies only)
- Salaries for guides, cooks, waiters and porters paid as per KPAP recommendations.
- Breakfast, lunch and dinner, as well as hot drinks on the mountain.
- 3 litres of mineral water supplied to all hikers on day 1 of the hike.
- Boiled drinking water from night 1 onwards while on the mountain.
- Quality camping equipment (four season tents, sleeping mats, camp chairs, camp table, mess tent & cutlery for meals) – not applicable on the Marangu route as A-frame huts are fitted with sleeping mats and meals are served in communal dining halls.
- Porter to carry your duffel bag, with maximum weight of 15kg / 32 lbs, from one camp to the next camp.
- Water for washing up, supplied every morning and evening while on the mountain.
- Certificate for your successful summit attempt
- Private hike at no additional charge, irrespective of the group size!
What’s Excluded in the Cost:
- Flights and airport taxes
- Items of a personal nature
- Compulsory tips for guides, porters and cook (average tip from US$200 to US$ 350 per hiker)
- Entry visa for Tanzania
- Vaccination requirements (Yellow Fever – only compulsory if you travel via a Yellow Fever infected country)
- Compulsory travel and medical insurance.
- Personal gear – it is possible to rent some of the gear
- Optional, but highly recommended portable toilet (not allowed on the Marangu route) (All Northern circuit route hikes include the portable toilet rental).
- Snacks, personal medicine and sports drink
- Meals and drinks not specified
Mount Kilimanjaro Equipment and Clothing
Without the correct equipment a mountain tour can quickly become an ordeal, this is especially true on Kilimanjaro. At the park entrance, the weather is tropical and at the summit it is a chilly -10°C and below. The onion system is the way to go, by wearing many layers you can add or remove items depending upon personal preference and is ideal for the changing climatic conditions.
A warm sleeping bag is essential, especially on camping tours. If you are thinking about using the one that you had as a child on summer camp, please think again. You will be sleeping in temperatures in the region of -12°C and you will need a sleeping bag that will keep you warm in such conditions
For yourself, you will only need a day pack; your porter will carry any further luggage. All your equipment must go in a travel bag, trekking rucksack or a kit bag and not exceed 12 kg (27lbs). The porters cannot carry suitcases and cases with roll systems. We recommend packing the items in plastic bags to protect them from the damp and rain. Please also check the baggage terms of your respective airline.
Due to a new regulation from KINAPA (Kilimanjaro National Park Authority), thin walled plastic water bottles have been banned on Kilimanjaro. Therefore, clients have to bring their own water bottles. We would also like to advise clients wanting to make use of a drinking system (camel bag or similar) to bring separate water containers for the summit night as the tubes of these drinking systems tend to freeze during the night of the summit. We recommend water bottles with a capacity of minimum 3 litres (i.e. 2 x 1.5 litre bottles). Please take note that the bottles can only be filled in the mornings and evenings! Clients not wanting to bring bottles along, are able to purchase 1 litre metal containers for 15 USD a piece on site (pre-booking recommended)
Suggested Clothing List And Useful Items For The Kilimanjaro Trek
Remember that you will be on the mountain for at least 5-6 days. You need to take enough clothing, especially socks to last this period. Due to frequent rainfalls as well as numerous streams on the routes, it is advisable to pack items individually in your bag. These items should be wrapped in plastic to prevent them from getting wet in case of the rain.
You will require thermal hiking socks, gloves, warm head protection, raincoat, sunglasses, and sun protection cream. Do not forget your hiking boots/running shoes, and very importantly a walking stick pole. One of the most essential items of clothing is an outer jacket, it should be able to keep you warm, protect you at temperatures as low as minus 25 degrees, and keep the wind out. Try to avoid tight-fitting clothes as this will hamper circulation. Due to low altitude and physical exertion, cold is a very serious obstacle when attempting to climb Kilimanjaro.
Kilimanjaro Packing List – What to take
- Quality 3/4 season sleeping bag
- Walking boots plus training shoes for around camp (it is advised that your walking boots are broken in before undertaking any sort of trek)
- A walking stick/pole (this can be hired)
- Head torch and spare batteries – important for your summit climb
- A pair of warm trousers
- Light cotton trousers and shorts
- Summer shirts; long sleeves are
necessary as well as short sleeves, in case you get sunburnt and have to cover up your arms - A fleece and Gore-Tex jacket
- Skiing underwear or thermal ‘long johns’ and top
- A good waterproof anorak
- Gloves and scarf
- Plenty of socks, cotton, thick and thin
- Sunhat and beanie (warm hat)
- Sun goggles or glasses
- Lip sun cream
- A good high factor sun block for protection against the sun
- Camera and plenty of film
- Binoculars
- A good quality torch and batteries
- Basic first aid kit (plasters; lint; cotton wool; elastic bandage; antiseptic liquid or cream; blister kit; throat lozenges)
- Personal medicines, clearly labelled
- Gel activated hand warmers
- High energy bars
- Salt tablets
- Plastic bags
- A towel and wash bag
- Toilet paper
- Large water bottle, for drinking on the
- trek (two x 2 litres)
- Large rucksacks are not necessary but a small shoulder bag or backpack for carrying your camera, water bottle etc, is essential
What to pack in your day pack
- Waterproofs
- Camera/video
- Water bottles (bottled water can be provided at the trail head, but if you want to you can always fill up at the lodge)
- Poncho/umbrella (dependant on season)
- Hat
- Sunglasses
- Extra snacks if you have them
- First aid kit
NOTE: on all days try to keep your day sack as light as possible. Your porters have been hired to carry most of your gear and carrying extra gear will only make you more tired and stress your body out more, making it harder for your body to deal with the altitude.
Availability
Kilimanjaro Hike starting dates
All of our climb Kilimanjaro packages are very flexible! We will gladly schedule a new hike to suit your calendar preference. Opting for a private hike ensures the privacy of your climb.
Can You Climb Mount Kilimanjaro Without a Guide
No, you cannot climb Mount Kilimanjaro without a guide. The Tanzanian government requires all climbers to be accompanied by a Fully Licensed Kilimanjaro Guides. This rule is enforced to ensure the safety of climbers, as well as to protect the environment and maintain the integrity of the mountain. The climb can be challenging and potentially dangerous without proper guidance and support.
This means that anyone attempting to climb Kilimanjaro must hire a Kilimanjaro Local Guides to accompany them on their trek. The Mount Kilimanjaro guide will not only ensure the safety of the climbers but also provide valuable information about the mountain, its history, and its ecology. Thus, it is mandatory to have a Kilimanjaro Local Guides when climbing Mount Kilimanjaro.
Climbing Mt.Kilimanjaro Without Porters
Climbing Mt. Kilimanjaro without porters is a challenging endeavor that requires a high level of physical fitness, preparation, and self-sufficiency. Porters typically assist climbers by carrying heavy gear, setting up camps, and preparing meals, so without them, climbers must manage these tasks themselves. This means carrying all necessary equipment, food, and water, navigating the mountain’s various routes, and dealing with the altitude and weather changes. It’s a demanding task that requires careful planning and a strong understanding of mountaineering.
SCHEDULED KILIMANJARO GROUP CLIMB DATES
Tailor-made for solo adventurers and small groups of 2 or 3 individuals seeking the camaraderie of like-minded hikers. Our Kilimanjaro group tours redefine the trekking experience. Prioritizing high safety standards, unparalleled comfort, and superior service delivery throughout your expedition on Mount Kilimanjaro. We will provide you with a safe and enjoyable hiking experience, allowing you to enjoy the awe-inspiring landscapes.
These packages are popular among our clients due to the high safety standards and comfort they offer, making the Kilimanjaro hikes enjoyable and memorable. The package includes all necessary amenities for the hike, supported by our experienced mountain crews to ensure a smooth and successful climb. Before and after the adventure you will stay in a 3-star hotel with caring staff, hot water, reliable Wi-Fi, and a restaurant.
GROUP DEPARTURE KILIMANJARO VIA MARANGU ROUTE
Tour Duration: 6 days/ 5 night hike + 2 nights hotel.
Trek costs: $1,650 per person, including single hotel room and shared in A-frame huts.
Group Size: Based on minimum of 2 passengers
Departures: Every TUESDAY
The Marangu route is affectionately known as the “Coca Cola” route due to its popularity. The trail has permanent wooden huts in a dormitory style along its route with all the basic necessities. No technical skill is required for this trek, with the same route used for both the ascent and the descent.
Why Combine Kilimanjaro with a Safari?
Combining a Kilimanjaro climb with a safari in Tanzania (and even adding a Zanzibar beach extension) is an incredible way to make the most of your trip to East Africa. Tanzania offers some of the world’s most iconic wildlife experiences, pristine beaches, and cultural richness, making it the perfect destination for adventure, relaxation, and exploration.
TYPES OF SAFARI CAMPING AND LODGING IN TANZANIA
No matter which Tanzania safari location you choose, we offer lightweight camping safari and more luxury lodging options. For lightweight camping, your tent is assembled each evening and collapsed each morning for you. For permanent tents and lodging, the structures are more permanent and established.
The main options include:
- Public camps within National Parks ofthe Tanzania
- Private camps, usually outside National Parks of Tanzania
- Special safari camps in Tanzania (Limited availability. As there’s less infrastructure, we bring more. This means a higher cost but arguably the best means of being as close to nature as possible.)
- Semi-Luxury Safari Accommodations. This includes a variety of options such as permanent tented camps to hotel and wildlife lodges. Each destination has their own food and drink reviews, services, and things to do. Our team is more than happy to walk you through these.
4 DAY TANZANIA SAFARI TO TARANGIRE, SERENGETI & NGORONGORO CRATER
- $3,350 per person when 1 person travels alone
- $2,229 per person when 2 persons travel together
- $2,106 per person when 3 persons travel together
- $1,880 per person when 4 persons travel together
4-Day Zanzibar Island
Explore the white sand beaches, crystal clear blue waters, and centuries of history of the former spice trading capital of Africa. Four days and three nights will provide the perfect amount of time to get to know this amazing island off of the coast of mainland Tanzania, just an hour’s flight away from Arusha.
4-Day Zanzibar Pricing:
- USD$990/Person
- Double-occupancy in 3-star Lodging
INCLUDES
- One-way airfare from Arusha(ARK) to Zanzibar (ZNZ)
- Airport transfers
- Private room(s) with breakfast
Average Daily Hiking Hours on Kilimanjaro
Daily Trekking Time: 4 to 7 hours per day, depending on the route and stage of the climb.
Start Time: Begin hiking between 8:00 and 8:30 am to maximize daylight.
Factors Affecting Hiking Time: Weather conditions, altitude sickness, and individual fitness levels.
Summit Night: The final push to Uhuru Peak takes 6-8 hours, starting around midnight.
Distance of Kilimanjaro Hike
Shortest Route (Umbwe): 23 miles (37 km) – steep and challenging.
Longest Route (Northern Circuit): 56 miles (90 km) – gradual ascent with excellent acclimatization.
Other Routes: Distances vary between 37-56 miles (60-90 km), depending on the route chosen.
Fitness Required for Kilimanjaro
No Mountaineering Skills Needed: Kilimanjaro is a trekking peak, but good physical fitness is essential.
Daily Hikes: Be prepared for 4-6 hours of hiking each day, often in damp and slippery conditions.
Training: Focus on cardio, strength training, and hiking with a weighted backpack.
Mental Preparation: Tolerance, flexibility, and a positive attitude are key.
Age Restrictions for Climbing Kilimanjaro
Minimum Age: 10 years (set by KINAPA), but 14-16 years is recommended due to altitude risks.
Maximum Age: No official limit, but older climbers should consult a doctor before attempting the climb.
Where Do You Sleep on Kilimanjaro?
Camping Routes:
Sleep in 2-person tents with sleeping mats provided.
Single travelers may share a tent with someone of the same sex.
Dining tents with tables and chairs are provided for meals.
Marangu Route (Hut Accommodation):
Stay in mountain huts with bunk beds.
Huts at Mandara and Horombo have running water and electric lights.
Kibo Hut (summit night) is made of stone and unheated.
What Do You Eat on Kilimanjaro?
Meals: Freshly prepared by the cook, with a focus on high-energy, nutritious food.
Sample Meals: Porridge, soups, pasta, rice, vegetables, meat, and fruit.
Special Diets: Vegetarian, vegan, and allergy-friendly meals can be arranged with advance notice.
Water: Sourced from springs or wells, boiled, and treated for safety.
Toilets on Kilimanjaro
Camp Toilets:
Long-drop toilets are available at most camps (except Crater Camp).
Marangu Route has flush toilets at lower camps.
Crater Camp: No custom toilets; climbers must use designated areas.
Between Camps: Few or no facilities; dig a hole and bury waste at least 20 meters off the trail.
Tips: Use Vicks under your nose to mask odors, or hire a portable toilet tent for privacy and hygiene.
Litter on Kilimanjaro
Strict Regulations: KINAPA enforces rules to keep the mountain clean.
Porter Weigh-Ins: All gear is weighed at each camp to ensure nothing is left behind.
Plastic Ban: Tanzania has banned plastic bags; climbers must use paper bags or reusable containers.
Personal Responsibility: Pack out all trash, including sweet wrappers, hand warmers, and batteries.
Do You Need Oxygen to Climb Kilimanjaro?
No Supplemental Oxygen Required: Climbers do not need supplemental oxygen to reach the summit of Kilimanjaro. The key to success is proper acclimatization.
Acclimatization Strategy: The “pole pole” (slowly, slowly) approach, combined with the “climb high, sleep low” method, helps your body adapt to the decreasing oxygen levels as you ascend.
Hydration and Rest: Staying hydrated, eating well, and getting enough rest are critical to helping your body cope with the altitude.
Medical Consultation: Always consult your doctor before attempting the climb to ensure you’re physically fit for high-altitude trekking.
Can You Breathe at the Summit of Kilimanjaro?
Thin Air at the Summit: At 5,895 meters (19,341 feet), the air contains about half the oxygen found at sea level. This makes breathing more difficult and can lead to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and headaches.
Acclimatization is Key: Proper acclimatization helps your body adjust to the lower oxygen levels, making it possible to breathe and function at the summit.
Supplemental Oxygen: While not typically required, some climbers may carry supplemental oxygen for emergencies or personal comfort.
Failure Rate of Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro
Summit Success Rates: The overall success rate for reaching the summit is between 45% and 65%. This varies based on:
Route Choice: Longer routes (e.g., Lemosho, Machame) have higher success rates due to better acclimatization.
Climber Preparation: Physical fitness, mental readiness, and proper gear play a significant role.
Guided Support: Working with experienced guides and porters increases your chances of success.
Recommended Itineraries: Opt for a 7-9 day climb to maximize acclimatization and improve your chances of summiting.
The Difficulty of Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro
Extreme Altitude: Kilimanjaro is a high-altitude trek, and altitude sickness affects more than 50% of climbers. Symptoms can range from mild headaches to life-threatening conditions like HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema) or HACE (High Altitude Cerebral Edema).
Physical Demands: The climb involves hiking through diverse terrains, including rainforests, rocky paths, and steep inclines. A good level of physical fitness and endurance is essential.
Weather Conditions: Temperatures can range from hot at the base to freezing at the summit, with unpredictable weather changes.
The Challenges of Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro
Summit Night: The most challenging part of the climb is summit night. This involves:
A steep, grueling ascent in the dark (usually starting around midnight).
Extremely cold temperatures and high winds.
Physical exhaustion and the mental challenge of pushing through fatigue.
Mental Strength: Climbers must be mentally prepared for the physical and emotional demands of summit night.
Weather: Conditions can be harsh, with snow, ice, and strong winds adding to the difficulty.
The Kilimanjaro Summit Attempt
The Kilimanjaro summit attempt is the most challenging and rewarding part of the climb. It requires physical endurance, mental resilience, and careful planning.
1. Evening Briefing
Your head guide will explain the plan for summit night, including the start time and route.
Guides will assess your performance over the previous days and may adjust the group’s pace or split the group if necessary.
2. Starting Time
Summit attempts typically begin between 11:00 PM and 1:00 AM.
Starting at night allows climbers to reach the summit by sunrise and descend before the afternoon weather worsens.
3. Getting to the Rim (Crater Rim)
The ascent to the rim (e.g., Stella Point or Gilman’s Point) takes approximately 6 hours, though this can vary based on individual fitness and acclimatization.
This is the hardest part of the climb, requiring mental stamina and determination.
Guides will motivate you and monitor your condition regularly.
4. Rim to the Summit
From Stella Point (5,756m), it’s about 1 hour to Uhuru Peak (5,895m).
From Gilman’s Point (5,681m), it’s about 2 hours to Uhuru Peak.
Some climbers choose to turn back at the rim, but most push on to the summit.
5. Sunrise at the Summit
Reaching the summit at sunrise is a breathtaking experience, with stunning views of the glaciers and the African plains below.
After celebrating and taking photos, you’ll begin the descent, which can take 4-6 hours to reach the next campsite.
Effects of Altitude on Kilimanjaro
Altitude is one of the biggest challenges on Kilimanjaro. Here’s what you need to know:
1. Altitude Sickness
Symptoms: Headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, and dizziness.
Severe Cases: HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema) or HACE (High Altitude Cerebral Edema) can be life-threatening.
Prevention: Proper acclimatization, staying hydrated, and ascending slowly (“pole pole”) are key.
2. Hydration and Nutrition
Drink 3-4 liters of water daily to combat dehydration caused by heavy breathing and dry air.
Use mineral tablets (e.g., magnesium) to replace lost electrolytes and prevent muscle cramps.
3. Avoiding Altitude Sickness
Choose a longer route (7-9 days) for better acclimatization.
Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can dehydrate you.
Listen to your body and communicate with your guide if you feel unwell.
Notable Points on Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro is rich in history and natural wonders. Here are some key landmarks:
1. Uhuru Peak
Height: 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) – the highest point in Africa.
History: Named “Uhuru” (Freedom) by Tanzania’s first president, Julius Nyerere, in 1964.
Significance: The ultimate goal for every climber.
2. Furtwängler Glacier
Located on the crater floor, this glacier has significantly receded due to climate change.
Named after Herr Furtwängler, the first person to ski down Kilimanjaro.
3. Gilman’s Point
Height: 5,681 meters (18,638 feet).
Located on the crater rim, it’s a common stopping point for climbers ascending via the Marangu Route.
4. Stella Point
Height: 5,756 meters (18,885 feet).
A key milestone on the Machame and Lemosho routes, it’s about 1 hour from Uhuru Peak.
5. Reusch Crater
A massive ash pit (360m wide, 120m deep) inside the Kibo crater.
Named after Pastor Richard Reusch, who climbed Kilimanjaro 65 times.
6. The Western Breach
A steep, challenging route to the summit, created by a lava flow that breached the crater wall.
Known for its stunning views and technical difficulty.
Evacuation on Mount Kilimanjaro
Evacuation on Mount Kilimanjaro is a critical safety measure for climbers who become ill, injured, or unable to continue due to altitude sickness or other health issues. The mountain’s high altitude and remote location make evacuation challenging, but there are three primary methods: stretcher, ambulance, and helicopter
1. Stretcher Evacuation
How It Works: If you are too exhausted or ill to descend on your own, porters will carry you down the mountain on a mountain stretcher.
Speed: A foot evacuation (stretcher) is often quicker than waiting for a helicopter, especially in areas where helicopters cannot land.
Cost: Covered by your Kilimanjaro National Park fee, so there is no additional charge for this service (beyond crew tips).
Availability: Stretcher evacuations can be initiated from any point on the mountain.
2. Ambulance Evacuation
How It Works: Ambulances can reach certain points on the mountain, depending on the route:
Shira Point: For climbers on the Lemosho or Machame routes.
Horombo Hut: For climbers on the Marangu or Rongai routes.
Limitations: Ambulances cannot reach higher elevations, so climbers must descend to these points for pickup.
Cost: Covered by your Kilimanjaro National Park fee, so there is no additional charge for this service.
3. Helicopter Evacuation
How It Works: Helicopters can evacuate climbers from designated landing points on the mountain. These points include:
Horombo Hut
Barranco Camp
Barafu Camp
Kosovo Camp
Stella Point
Millennium Camp
Shira Camp
Speed: Helicopters can deploy within 5-15 minutes, depending on weather conditions.
Cost: Helicopter evacuations are not covered by park fees and can cost 5,000+ per incident. This is why travel insurance is essential.
Medical Treatment: Evacuees must cover all medical costs, including hospital stays and treatment.
Cost Considerations for Evacuation
Stretcher Evacuation: No cost beyond crew tips.
Ambulance Evacuation: No cost (covered by park fees).
Helicopter Evacuation: 5,000+ per incident.
Medical Treatment: Evacuees must cover all medical costs, including hospital stays and treatment.
Mount Kilimanjaro Travel Insurance
Travel insurance is mandatory for climbing Kilimanjaro. It ensures you are covered for emergencies, including evacuation and medical treatment. Here’s what your insurance policy must include:
Trekking or Hiking Coverage:
Many standard travel insurance policies exclude trekking or hiking. Ensure your policy explicitly covers these activities.
Altitude Coverage Up to 6,000 Meters:
Most standard policies limit altitude coverage to 3,500 meters or less. Kilimanjaro’s summit is 5,895 meters, so you need a policy that covers high-altitude trekking.
Sprains, Strains, and Physiotherapy:
These are common injuries on Kilimanjaro, yet many insurers exclude them. Ensure your policy covers these.
Personal Accidents and Death:
While unpleasant to consider, your policy must cover personal accidents, including death. This ensures your family is not burdened with repatriation costs.
Emergency Evacuation:
Your policy must cover helicopter evacuation and medical treatment costs.
Pricing
Mount Kilimanjaro Guide and Porter Services
Free guide to climbing Mount Kilimanjaro: selecting a date, a route, helpful advice from an official Mount Kilimanjaro guide, and how to prepare for high altitudes. From the best routes to take, about health and fitness, preparation checklists, packing list. On average, Climb Kilimanjaro local guides can cost between $2,000 to $4,000, excluding flights. This typically includes park fees, guides, porters, food, and accommodation. Additional costs may include gear, tips for guides and porters, travel insurance, vaccinations, and visa fees.
Category
Cost Range
Group Size
Lower cost per person w/ more people
Days on the Mountain
Higher cost for longer duration
Level of Service
Varies depending on tour operator
Kilimanjaro Route Choice
$2,000 to $4,000
Kilimanjaro National Park Fees
$70 to $100 per day for park fees, $50 to $60 per day for camping fees
Staff Wages
$20 to $30 per day for guides, $10 to $20 per day for porters
Food, Water, and Transportation Cost
$20 to $50 per day for food, $5 to $10 per liter for water, $100 to $300 for transportation
Equipment
$200 to $600 for renting equipment
Guide to Climber & Porter to Climber Ratio
1 guide to every 2-3 climbers and 1 porter to every climber
Tipping guides and porters
$200 to $500 per climber
Mount Kilimanjaro Climb from Arusha or Moshi
Your Kilimanjaro climb will start near Arusha or Moshi, charming towns in northern Tanzania that serve as ideal bases for your expedition. Stay in boutique hotels with stunning views and excellent facilities, or choose a property of your preference. For a unique experience, consider a hotel closer to Kilimanjaro, offering breathtaking views of the majestic peak, though arrivals and departures often occur in the dark. Standing at 5,895 meters, Kilimanjaro is the world’s tallest free-standing mountain and a challenging yet rewarding adventure. Africa Rose ensures seamless and safe private climbs, with routes like the scenic Shira Route (9-10 days), the popular Machame Route (6-7 nights), and the remote Rongai Route (6 nights). For a less-traveled path, the Lemosho Route (7-8 nights) offers stunning forests, while the demanding Umbwe Route (6-7 nights) rewards with spectacular ridges and incredible scenery. Choose your route and prepare for an unforgettable journey.
CHOOSE AN KILIMANJARO OPERATOR
Organizers of Kilimanjaro climbs and associated safaris are known as operators or outfitters. Their function is to retain experienced guiding and support crews and to arrange and conduct the expedition, supplying all kit, food, and other climb logistics. They will also usually arrange for your transfers to and from Kilimanjaro International Airport, basic hotel accommodation before and after the climb itself, and a general flow of information and advice before, during, and after the sales/climb process. The best packages are all-inclusive except for drinks, tips, and a few occasional meals at the hotel.
CHOOSE A KILIMANJARO ROUTE
The most common routes will take between 5 and 8 days, depending on which you choose and what you pay for in advance. In other words, you’ll decide in advance how many days your climb will be and you’ll stick to that plan unless something goes wrong and you have to descend.
BOOK YOURSELF A FLIGHT TO MOUNT KILIMANJARO
Best Airport for Kilimanjaro: Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO)
Location: Approximately 45 kilometers from Moshi, Marangu, or Arusha (the starting points for most climbs).
Convenience: The closest and most convenient airport for Kilimanjaro climbs.
Airlines: Serviced by several international and regional airlines.
Flight Options: Direct flights from Europe, or connecting flights via major hubs like Nairobi, Addis Ababa, Doha, Dubai, or Istanbul.
Other Airports in Tanzania and Kenya:
Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO):
IATA Code: JRO.
Best for: Direct access to Moshi and Arusha.
Airlines: KLM, Ethiopian Airlines, Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines, Precision Air, and more.
Julius Nyerere International Airport (DAR) – Dar es Salaam:
IATA Code: DAR.
Best for: Travelers combining Kilimanjaro with a safari or Zanzibar.
Distance: ~7–10 hours by road to Moshi/Arusha.
Abeid Amani Karume International Airport (ZNZ) – Zanzibar:
IATA Code: ZNZ.
Best for: Travelers visiting Zanzibar before or after the climb.
Distance: Requires a domestic flight or ferry to Dar es Salaam, then a long drive to Moshi/Arusha.
Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (NBO) – Kenya:
IATA Code: NBO.
Best for: Travelers finding cheaper flights to Nairobi.
Distance: ~6–7 hours by road to Moshi/Arusha (via the Namanga border).
Arusha Airport (ARK):
IATA Code: ARK.
Best for: Private chartered flights or domestic connections.
Distance: Close to Arusha town.
Airlines Flying to Mount Kilimanjaro (JRO):
From Europe:
KLM: Direct flights from Amsterdam.
Turkish Airlines: Via Istanbul.
Qatar Airways: Via Doha.
Ethiopian Airlines: Via Addis Ababa.
Kenya Airways: Via Nairobi.
From the USA:
No direct flights to JRO.
Connecting flights via European hubs (e.g., Amsterdam, Istanbul) or African hubs (e.g., Nairobi, Addis Ababa).
From Asia/Australia:
Qatar Airways: Via Doha.
Emirates: Via Dubai.
Ethiopian Airlines: Via Addis Ababa.
Approximate Mount Kilimanjaro Flight Costs:
From the UK: £600–£1,200 (round trip).
From the USA: 1,200 (round trip).
From Australia/NZ: AUD 800–$1,500 (round trip).
From Germany: €400–€1,900 (round trip).
Note: Prices vary based on season, booking time, and demand.
Tips for Mount Kilimanjaro Booking Flights:
Book Early:
Flights to Kilimanjaro are limited, especially during peak seasons (June–October and December–February).
Early booking ensures better prices and availability.
Compare Prices:
Use flight comparison platforms like:
Check multiple airlines and routes for the best deals.
Consider Layovers:
Flights with layovers (e.g., via Nairobi or Addis Ababa) are often cheaper than direct flights.
Check Visa Requirements:
If flying via Nairobi (Kenya), ensure you have a Kenya visa or East Africa Tourist Visa for cross-border travel.
Plan for Overland Travel:
If flying into Nairobi or Dar es Salaam, budget for overland travel to Moshi/Arusha:
Shuttle Buses: Riverside Shuttle (Nairobi to Moshi/Arusha, ~US$35).
Private Transfers: More expensive but faster and more comfortable.
Overland Travel Options:
From Nairobi to Moshi/Arusha:
Distance: ~6–7 hours by road.
Options:
Shuttle buses (e.g., Riverside Shuttle).
Private transfers.
Domestic flights to Kilimanjaro Airport (JRO).
From Dar es Salaam to Moshi/Arusha:
Distance: ~7–10 hours by road.
Options:
Domestic flights to JRO.
Overnight buses or private transfers.
Arrive in Tanzania
Base Cities: Most climbers stay in Arusha or Moshi, the gateway cities to Kilimanjaro. These cities are included in most tour packages.
Pre-Climb Stay: You’ll likely spend 1-2 nights here for briefings, gear checks, and acclimatization.
Transportation
Airport Transfers: Most operators include pickup and drop-off at Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO) in their packages.
Cost of Transport: Transport costs are typically included in your booking, but here’s a breakdown of approximate costs for reference:
Arusha to Marangu: ~3 hours, 120 km, ~$150.
Arusha to Machame: ~2 hours, 80 km, ~100–120.
Arusha to Lemosho: ~3 hours, 130 km, ~$200.
Arusha to Rongai: ~4.5 hours, 260 km, ~$300.
Arusha to Umbwe: ~2 hours, 90 km, ~$120.
Fuel Costs: Petrol costs approximately $1 per liter in Tanzania (verify current rates).
Insurance
Why It’s Important: Climbing Kilimanjaro involves risks, including altitude sickness, accidents, and emergencies. Proper insurance is essential.
What to Look For:
High-Altitude Coverage: Ensure your policy covers trekking up to 6,000 meters.
Medical Evacuation: Covers helicopter rescue and hospitalization.
Trip Interruption/Cancellation: Protects against unforeseen changes.
Equipment Coverage: Optional but useful for expensive gear.
Recommended Providers:
Cost: Approximately 200, depending on your trip duration and coverage.
Additional Option: Consider AMREF Flying Doctors for emergency evacuation coverage ($16+ for 30 days).
Accommodation
Any Kilimanjaro accommodation you book before and after your trek must be booked separately. The easiest way to go about it is to go through your booking agency if you trust them. Be aware that, as with everything, they will charge a commission for this.
Basic accommodation for tourists starts at US $50 to $100 per night and may vary based on the particular time of the year that you are looking to book. Anything cheaper than this is suspect and We would not recommend it. Tanzania is still a developing country and as such faces acute infrastructural shortages especially regarding cleanliness, hygiene, and public health. Do be careful when booking your accommodations in Tanzania – be it Arusha, Moshi, Dar es Salaam or Zanzibar. That said, the most expensive accommodations can range up to US $4000 a night! You can be assured of the best services money can buy in these places.
EQUIPMENT
Equipment is divided into two parts. One that you will need to buy (even better if you already own them), and the second that will be provided by your agency, whether already included in the price or rented separately. Renting is a great way of ensuring that you do not end up paying for equipment that you won’t use much as well as save space and weight on your flight. Details about the Kilimanjaro gear list are further.
CLIMBING KILIMANJARO
The morning of the climb you’ll be driven to the starting point for your route and a large crew of local helpers will organize all the gear they’ll be bringing up the mountain for your group. A lead guide will be in charge of everything, but there will also be assistant guides, porters, and cooks making the trip with you. If four of you are climbing you’ll be bringing a support crew of between 10 and 16 people with you.
You’ll carry just your rain gear, camera, and water, and the porters will carry the rest of your gear along with all the tents, chairs, cooking equipment, food, water, and everything else your group will need.
You’ll set off for around 5 to 8 hours each day, except for summit day, which is much, much longer. The lead guide will coordinate everything and all the support staff and will lead your group personally, but climbers in your group can go at their own pace so assistant guides will space themselves out through the group, with one at the back of the pack.
By the time you arrive at the specified camp for that night, the porters will have set up tents and cooking gear. After dinner, you’ll get as much sleep as you can manage and the next morning the cooks will prepare breakfast. After eating you’ll begin climbing again and the porters will pack up all the gear, pass you at some point during the day, and will be all set up again with water boiling at the next camp when you arrive.
Descending From Kilimanjaro’s Summit
Descending from Kilimanjaro’s summit is a challenging yet rewarding experience. After reaching the peak, climbers must carefully navigate their way down the steep, rocky terrain, often battling fatigue, altitude sickness, and harsh weather conditions. Despite the difficulties, the descent offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape and a sense of accomplishment. The descent typically takes two days, with climbers spending one more night on the mountain before reaching the base. Those on the Machame, Umbwe, Lemosho, or Shira routes must take as their descent trail the Mweka Route. Those who ascended on the Marangu or Rongai/Loitokitok trails must descend by the Marangu Route. The descent typically begins 20-30 minutes after reaching the summit, allowing time to soak in the breathtaking views and capture unforgettable memories.
How Long Does It Take To Come Down Kilimanjaro?
Descending Mount Kilimanjaro typically takes about two days. After reaching the summit, climbers usually descend to a lower camp on the same day, which can take 5-7 hours. The following day, climbers continue their descent to the park gate, which can take 5-7 hours as well. The exact time can vary based on the route, the individual’s fitness level, and weather conditions.
Descending From Kilimanjaro’s Summit Is A Bit Like Skiing
While the climb upwards requires immense physical exertion, the descent offers a different kind of challenge. The path is mostly downhill, providing a welcome break from the strenuous climb. The terrain can be quite steep, requiring caution and mindful navigation. However, the stunning scenery makes the journey worthwhile.
Getting Off The Mountain Kilimanjaro – From High Altitude To Lower Depths:
Descending from Kilimanjaro’s summit is often compared to skiing due to the steep, loose gravel slopes that allow climbers to take large, sliding steps, almost as if they were skiing down the mountain. This method, known as scree sliding, is not only a faster way to descend but also reduces the impact on the knees and legs. However, it requires careful balance and control to prevent falls or injuries.
Reaching the Gate:
After a day of trekking downhill, the body and mind can feel both exhausted and exhilarated. The physical exertion of navigating steep, uneven terrain tests the body’s strength and endurance, while the mental challenge of maintaining focus and balance sharpens the mind. Despite the fatigue, there’s a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction from completing the trek. The surrounding natural beauty and the tranquility of the outdoors can also provide a sense of peace and rejuvenation.
Kilimanjaro Summit Day: What to Expect
Summit day is the most challenging and rewarding part of your Kilimanjaro climb. It’s a grueling test of physical endurance, mental strength, and determination.
Key Highlights of Summit Day
Timing: Start around midnight to reach the summit by sunrise.
Duration: 12–16 hours of continuous trekking (ascent and descent).
Challenges: Extreme altitude, steep slopes, freezing temperatures, and fatigue.
Reward: Breathtaking views from Uhuru Peak (5,895 meters) and the satisfaction of conquering Africa’s highest peak.
Summit Night Schedule (Nighttime Summit Bid)
Preparation the Night Before
Early Dinner: Eat a hearty meal and hydrate well.
Sleep: Try to sleep by 7 p.m. to rest before the early start.
Gear Check: Lay out your summit gear (warm layers, headlamp, snacks, water).
2. Midnight Start
Wake-Up: Around 11:30 p.m., your guide will wake you up.
Snack and Tea: Have a light snack and hot tea to fuel up.
Departure: Begin climbing around midnight.
3. The Ascent
12 AM–3 AM:
Trek in complete darkness with your headlamp.
Follow the trail of glowing headlamps from other climbers.
3 AM–5:30 AM:
Reach the steepest section of the climb (scree-covered switchbacks).
Maintain a slow, steady pace to conserve energy.
5:30 AM–6 AM:
Witness the sunrise behind Mawenzi Peak, a stunning and motivating sight.
Push through fatigue and altitude effects to reach Stella Point (5,739 meters).
4. Reaching the Summit
6 AM–7:30 AM:
From Stella Point, trek along the crater rim to Uhuru Peak (5,895 meters).
Celebrate, take photos, and enjoy the incredible views.
Spend only 15–20 minutes at the summit due to the thin air.
5. The Descent
7:30 AM–10 AM:
Descend to Barafu Camp or Millennium Camp via “scree skiing” (sliding down loose gravel).
The descent is faster but can be hard on your knees.
10 AM–3 PM:
Arrive at camp, rest, and refuel with a hot meal.
Spend the night at camp or continue descending to a lower camp.
Daytime Summit Bid (Alternative Option)
Some routes, like the Northern Circuit, allow for a daytime summit bid. Here’s how it differs:
1. Morning Start
Wake-Up: Around 5 a.m.
Breakfast: Enjoy a hearty meal before starting.
Departure: Begin climbing at dawn.
2. The Ascent
5 AM–12 PM:
Trek through the morning, taking breaks for snacks and water.
Reach Stella Point by midday.
12 PM–2 PM:
Continue to Uhuru Peak, enjoying the daytime views.
3. The Descent
2 PM–6 PM:
Descend to Crater Camp or Barafu Camp.
Explore the crater and glaciers if staying at Crater Camp.
Stella Point vs. Gilman’s Point
Stella Point:
Accessed via Machame, Lemosho, Umbwe, and Shira Routes.
Slightly easier approach compared to Gilman’s Point.
Gilman’s Point:
Accessed via Marangu and Rongai Routes.
Steeper and more challenging, but equally rewarding.
Comparing the Difficulty of Climbing Everest Base Camp and Kilimanjaro
When comparing the difficulty of trekking to Everest Base Camp (EBC) and summiting Mount Kilimanjaro, several factors come into play, including altitude, terrain, duration, and the physical and mental challenges involved. While both adventures are demanding, Kilimanjaro is generally considered more difficult due to its rapid ascent and summit night challenges.
Key Differences in Difficulty:
Summit Push:
Kilimanjaro: The summit night is notoriously grueling. Climbers ascend steep, rocky terrain in freezing temperatures, often starting at midnight to reach Uhuru Peak at sunrise. This final push is both physically and mentally exhausting, with many trekkers experiencing extreme fatigue and altitude-related symptoms.
Everest Base Camp: There is no summit push. The trek involves reaching the base camp at 17,600 feet, which is challenging but less intense than Kilimanjaro’s summit night.
Altitude:
Kilimanjaro: The peak stands at 19,341 feet, and the rapid ascent (often in 5-7 days) increases the risk of altitude sickness. Proper acclimatization is critical, but the short duration makes it harder for the body to adjust.
Everest Base Camp: While EBC is at 17,600 feet, the trek is longer (typically 12-14 days), allowing for better acclimatization. The slower ascent reduces the risk of altitude sickness compared to Kilimanjaro.
Terrain and Climate:
Kilimanjaro: The trek passes through five distinct ecological zones, from rainforest to arctic conditions. The varied terrain and extreme cold on summit night add to the difficulty.
Everest Base Camp: The terrain is rugged and cold, but the climate is more consistent compared to Kilimanjaro. The trek involves long days of hiking but lacks the extreme elevation gain of Kilimanjaro’s summit push.
Duration:
Kilimanjaro: Most routes take 5-9 days, with shorter routes being more challenging due to less time for acclimatization.
Everest Base Camp: The trek typically takes 12-14 days, allowing for a more gradual ascent and better adaptation to altitude.
Why is Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro Famous?
Mount Kilimanjaro is one of the most iconic mountains in the world, renowned for its unique features and accessibility. Here’s why it’s famous:
Highest Peak in Africa:
Kilimanjaro is the tallest mountain in Africa, standing at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet). Its summit, Uhuru Peak, is the highest point on the continent.
Tallest Free-Standing Mountain:
Unlike mountains in ranges like the Himalayas or Andes, Kilimanjaro is a free-standing mountain, rising dramatically from the surrounding plains. This makes it a unique geological feature.
One of the Seven Summits:
Kilimanjaro is one of the Seven Summits, the highest peaks on each continent. Climbing it is a significant achievement for mountaineers and adventurers.
Accessibility:
Unlike other high peaks, Kilimanjaro does not require technical climbing skills. It’s a trekking peak, making it accessible to non-climbers with proper preparation.
Diverse Ecological Zones:
The mountain features five distinct ecological zones, from lush rainforests to alpine deserts and glacial ice caps. This diversity makes the trek visually stunning and unique.
Cultural Significance:
Kilimanjaro holds cultural importance for the local Chagga people and is a symbol of Tanzania’s natural beauty.
Rapid Ascent and Altitude Challenge:
The relatively short duration of the climb (4-9 days) makes it a popular choice, but the rapid ascent also poses a significant challenge due to the risk of altitude sickness.
Global Recognition:
Kilimanjaro has been featured in literature, films, and popular culture, further cementing its status as a bucket-list destination.
Interesting Fact:
While Everest Base Camp is at a lower elevation (17,600 feet) than Kilimanjaro’s summit (19,341 feet), reaching EBC typically takes 8-10 days, compared to Kilimanjaro’s 4-5 days on faster routes. This rapid ascent on Kilimanjaro increases the difficulty and risk of altitude-related issues.
Where Is Mount Kilimanjaro?
Mount Kilimanjaro is located in Tanzania, East Africa, near the border with Kenya. It is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is the highest mountain in Africa, as well as the tallest free-standing mountain in the world. Here are some key details about its location:
Geographical Region: East Africa
Country: Tanzania
Province: Kilimanjaro Region
Nearest Cities: Moshi and Arusha
Height: 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level
Prominence: 5,885 meters (19,303 feet)
Type: Stratovolcano (dormant)
Geographic Coordinates: 03°04′33″S 37°21′12″E
Kilimanjaro is composed of three volcanic cones: Kibo (the highest, with Uhuru Peak), Mawenzi, and Shira. Despite its proximity to the equator, the mountain is famous for its snow-capped peak, which creates a striking contrast with the surrounding savannah.
History Of Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro has a rich climbing history dating back to the late 19th century. Here are some key milestones:
First Ascent (1889):
The first recorded ascent was made by Hans Meyer (a German geographer) and Ludwig Purtscheller (an Austrian mountaineer) on October 6, 1889. They were accompanied by a local guide, Yohani Kinyala Lauwo.
Meyer had made two previous attempts in 1887 and 1888 but was unsuccessful due to harsh weather and inadequate equipment.
First Woman to Summit (1927):
Sheila MacDonald, a Scottish mountaineer, became the first woman to reach Uhuru Peak in 1927.
Kilimanjaro National Park:
Established in 1973, the park was created to protect the unique environment surrounding the mountain. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.
Modern Climbing:
Today, Kilimanjaro attracts thousands of climbers annually, with multiple routes offering varying levels of difficulty and scenic diversity.
The People of Kilimanjaro
The Chagga people are the primary ethnic group living on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. They are known for their:
Agricultural Expertise: The Chagga are skilled farmers, cultivating bananas, coffee, and other crops on the fertile volcanic soils.
Irrigation Systems: They developed advanced irrigation and terracing techniques to maximize agricultural productivity.
Cultural Heritage: The Chagga have a rich cultural history, including traditional rituals, ceremonies, and a strong sense of community.
The Name "Kilimanjaro"
The origin of the name “Kilimanjaro” is debated, but it is widely believed to derive from:
Swahili: “Kilima” means “mountain.”
Kichagga: “Njaro” translates to “whiteness” or “shining.”
Thus, Kilimanjaro is often referred to as the “Mountain of Whiteness,” a nod to its iconic snow-capped peak.
Impact of Climate Change on Mount Kilimanjaro's Glaciers
Climate change has had a profound impact on Kilimanjaro’s glaciers:
Glacial Retreat:
Over 80% of the ice cover on Kilimanjaro has disappeared since the early 20th century.
The glaciers are shrinking at an alarming rate due to rising global temperatures.
Projections:
Scientists predict that the glaciers could disappear entirely within a few decades if current trends continue.
Causes:
Rising temperatures: Increased global warming has accelerated melting.
Reduced snowfall: Changes in precipitation patterns have limited the replenishment of the glaciers.
Implications:
The loss of glaciers affects local ecosystems, water sources, and the mountain’s iconic appearance.
It also serves as a stark reminder of the broader impacts of climate change on natural landmarks worldwide.
How High Is Mount Kilimanjaro?
The height of Mount Kilimanjaro has been a subject of debate and measurement over the years. Here’s a breakdown of the various measurements and the most widely accepted height:
Historical Measurements:
1952 Survey:
Using Wild T2 theodolites, the survey concluded that Kilimanjaro’s summit stands at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above mean sea level. This measurement has been the official elevation quoted by Tanzanian authorities for decades.
1999 Survey:
A more precise survey using Leica Geosystems equipment provided the following measurements:
ITRF Ellipsoidal Height: 5,875.50 meters (accurate to within 5 cm).
Orthometric Height: 5,891.77 meters.
Orthometric Height (using Tanzanian geoidal datum): 5,892.55 meters.
Modern GPS Measurements:
Modern GPS devices, which approximate the geoid globally, typically display Kilimanjaro’s elevation as 5,895 meters. This was confirmed by a Swiss mapping team, who observed the elevation over 17 minutes and recorded fluctuations only between 5,894 and 5,895 meters.
Consensus:
While there are slight variations in measurements due to different methodologies and equipment, the most widely accepted and official height of Mount Kilimanjaro is 5,895 meters (19,341 feet).
Why the Variations in Height?
Measurement Techniques:
Older surveys relied on less precise tools like theodolites, while modern surveys use advanced GPS and satellite technology.
Geoidal vs. Ellipsoidal Height:
Ellipsoidal height measures the distance above a mathematical model of the Earth’s shape, while orthometric height accounts for the Earth’s irregular gravity field (geoid). These differences can lead to slight variations in elevation calculations.
Geological Changes:
While minimal, natural processes like erosion or volcanic activity could theoretically cause minor changes in the mountain’s height over time.
Three Peaks of Kilimanjaro Hike
Mount Kilimanjaro is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira. Each peak offers unique landscapes, challenges, and scenic beauty. Climbing all three peaks is a remarkable adventure, taking trekkers through diverse ecosystems and elevations of up to 16,000+ feet. The total trek time typically ranges from 7 to 10 days, depending on the route and pace.
1. Kibo Peak (5,895 meters / 19,341 feet):
Description: Kibo is the highest and most iconic peak of Kilimanjaro, home to the famous Uhuru Peak, the highest point in Africa. It is a dormant volcano with a snow-capped summit, despite its proximity to the equator.
Features:
Glaciers: Kibo’s summit is covered with glaciers, though they are rapidly receding due to climate change.
Crater: The peak features a large crater, with the Ash Pit at its center.
Summit Night: The final ascent to Uhuru Peak is challenging, involving a steep climb in freezing temperatures, often starting at midnight to reach the summit at sunrise.
Significance: Conquering Kibo is a bucket-list achievement for trekkers and mountaineers worldwide.
2. Mawenzi Peak (5,149 meters / 16,893 feet):
Description: Mawenzi is the second-highest peak on Kilimanjaro and is known for its rugged, jagged terrain. It is a remnant of an ancient volcano and is considered more technical to climb than Kibo.
Features:
Glacial Features: Mawenzi retains evidence of past glaciation, with sharp ridges and steep cliffs.
Climbing Difficulty: Due to its technical nature, Mawenzi requires rock climbing skills and is less frequently climbed than Kibo.
Scenic Beauty: The peak offers stunning views of Kibo and the surrounding landscapes.
Significance: Mawenzi is a favorite among experienced climbers seeking a more challenging and less crowded ascent.
3. Shira Peak (3,962 meters / 13,000 feet):
Description: Shira is the oldest and lowest of the three peaks. It collapsed thousands of years ago, forming the Shira Plateau, a vast, scenic expanse on the mountain’s western side.
Features:
Shira Plateau: The plateau is known for its outstanding beauty and is home to diverse wildlife, including buffaloes, elephants, and elands.
Accessibility: Shira is the easiest of the three peaks to climb, making it a popular destination for trekkers who want to experience Kilimanjaro without attempting the summit.
Ecological Diversity: The plateau features unique flora and fauna, including endemic plant species.
Significance: Shira offers a less strenuous trekking experience while still providing breathtaking views and a sense of adventure.
Montane Forest Zone
Description: The montane forest encircles Kilimanjaro between 1,800 and 2,800 meters. This lush, green belt is a vital part of the mountain’s ecosystem and is home to a wide variety of plant and animal species.
Features:
Biodiversity: The forest supports endemic species like the Impatiens kilimanjari (a unique flowering plant) and is inhabited by monkeys, birds, and other wildlife.
Scenic Trails: The Marangu Nature Trails take trekkers through this forest zone, offering a chance to experience its beauty without climbing to the peaks.
Climate: The forest is cool and humid, providing a refreshing contrast to the drier, higher-altitude zones.
Significance: The montane forest is a must-visit for nature lovers and adds to the overall richness of the Kilimanjaro trekking experience.
Overview of Mount Kilimanjaro National Park
Mount Kilimanjaro National Park is situated in Tanzania, East Africa, and is home to Africa’s highest peak, Mount Kilimanjaro. The park spans 1,688 square kilometers and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is celebrated for its diverse ecosystems, which include savannah, rainforest, alpine desert, and an arctic summit. The park is a major attraction for mountaineers and trekkers globally, offering several routes to the summit. The Park Headquarters is located in Marangu, approximately 44 km from Moshi town and 80 km from Kilimanjaro International Airport.
Climate of Mount Kilimanjaro Park
The park experiences a wide range of climatic conditions due to its varying altitudes:
Base: Tropical climate with warm temperatures and high humidity.
Mid-Altitude: Temperate zone with cooler temperatures and frequent rainfall.
Higher Altitude: Cold desert climate with freezing temperatures at night.
Summit: Arctic climate with extremely low temperatures, strong winds, and almost no precipitation.
The weather can be unpredictable, with snowfall possible at any time of the year.
How to Get to Kilimanjaro National Park
By Air: The most common route is flying into Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO), which is served by several international airlines. From the airport, it’s about a one-hour drive to the park.
Alternative Air Routes: You can also fly into Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es Salaam or Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, Kenya, and then take a domestic flight to Kilimanjaro International Airport.
Best Time to Visit Kilimanjaro National Park Safari
The best times to visit are during the dry seasons:
Late June to October
Late December to early March
During these periods, the weather is generally clear and sunny, ideal for wildlife viewing and hiking. However, temperatures can drop below freezing at night, especially at higher altitudes, so appropriate clothing is essential.
Accessibility
Mount Kilimanjaro National Park is easily accessible by road, with all main entrances to the various climbing routes reachable by vehicle. The town of Moshi is the closest to the park entrances, making it a convenient base for those planning to climb the mountain. The park is renowned for its breathtaking views and diverse ecosystems, and is home to Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa.
Kilimanjaro National Park Attractions
Kilimanjaro National Park, located in Tanzania, is renowned for its stunning natural beauty and diverse wildlife. The park’s main attraction is Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa, which attracts climbers from around the world. The park is also home to a variety of wildlife species, including elephants, leopards, and buffalo. Visitors can explore the park’s lush rainforests, alpine meadows, and moorlands, and enjoy breathtaking views of the African plains.
UHURU POINT
This is first highest point reached by climbers trying to conquer Kibo peak, 6km from Kibo hut (5895m). Visitors reached at this point are provided with the gold certificates and recorded as a successful climber.
STELLA POINT
This is a second highest point reached by climbers trying to conquer Kibo peak, 5.3km from Kibo hut (5739m). Visitors reached at this point are provided with the silver certificates and recorded as a successful climber
ASH PIT
This is a recent volcanic landmark on the highest point of Africa (100,000yrs). Visitors after reaching the summit may have a visit to this unique area
MAWENZI PEAK
Mawenzi, the rugged peak (5,149m), can only be attempted by technical climb. Only people with specialized knowledge, skills and equipment are allowed
SHIRA PEAK
Shira with the height of 3962m, is the oldest peak that collapsed some 750 years ago while before collapsing was the highest of the three.
CATHEDRAL POINT – SHIRAPEAK
Cathedral is the point found on Shira Peak and can be climbed easily during day hike or summit
SHIRA PLATEAU
After collapsing, the Shira peak formed a plateau of outstanding scenic beauty on the mountain. This plateau has an open grassland, heath and moorland with a large concentration of endemic plants including Senecio and lobelias. While on the plateau, one can visit the Shira central cone, the Cathedral and the Needle. Several kinds of migratory mammals such as buffaloes, elephants and elands use this plateau for feeding or salt licking
ZEBRA ROCK
This stripped rocks are allocated along the Horombo -Kibo alternative trail 3Kms from Horombo huts. Visitors can have a short walk to this rocks as a part of the slogan “Go higher slip low”
VEGETATION ZONES
Mount Kilimanjaro supports a unique combination of eco-climatic zones that takes you to the equivalent of a trip from the equator to the arctic in a brief tour.
As one climbs Kilimanjaro, vegetation and weather changes in response to the changing elevation. Between 1800-2800m, one goes through a montane forest. From 2800-4000m, vegetation is mainly heath and moorland composed of Helichrysum [Everlastings], Lobellia and Senecio. From 4000-5000m, vegetation is alpine desert with sparse plants adapted to harsh conditions. The summit zone has temperatures below the freezing point throughout the year. The mountain peak is covered by snow all year-round
MONTANE FOREST
A wide band of exceptionally beautiful montane forest encircles the whole of Kilimanjaro from about 1800 –2800m. About 96% of water on Kilimanjaro originates from within this zone. The forest zone is worth a visit even if you are not climbing to the peaks. Marangu nature trails in particular take you through this forest belt. This belt supports several plant species, including endemic plants like Impatiens Kilimanjaro
MAUNDI CRATER
This crater is about 15 minutes walk past Mandara huts on the Marangu route. On clear days, the crater provides a panoramic view of Lakes Chala, Jipe and Nyumba ya Mungu, all of which derive their waters from the Majestic Kilimanjaro
LAUWO WATERFALL
Located along Marangu route 2.8Kms provides a spectacular experience while enjoying walking inside the thick montane forest
MARANGU WATERFALL
Located along Marangu route 1Km provides a spectacular experience while enjoying walking inside the thick Montane forest.
LAKE CHALA
Lake Chala is located about 30 minutes’ drive from Himo town. Although situated outside the Park, the lake is an important geological link to the park. It draws its water via underground streams that originate from Kilimanjaro. This deep fresh water lake can be visited prior to, or after climbing the mountain
ANIMALS
Mount Kilimanjaro inhabits 140 species of mammals; 7 primates, 25 carnivores, 25 antelopes, 179 bird species and 24 species of bat. Hikes may view various animals including The Black and White Colobus Monkey, Blue monkey, Forest Duikers and small mammals like Myosorex zinkii which is endemic to Mt. Kilimanjaro. Buffaloes, Elands and Elephants are the large mammals often seen on Shira plateau and Rongai
KILIMANJARO NATIONAL PARK TOURISM ACTIVITIES
Kilimanjaro National Park, located in Tanzania, offers a variety of tourism activities centered around its main attraction, Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa. The park provides opportunities for mountain climbing and trekking, with several routes leading to the summit. Wildlife viewing is also popular, with animals such as elephants, buffalos, and monkeys inhabiting the lower slopes. Bird watching is another activity, with the park being home to numerous bird species. Additionally, visitors can explore the Chala Crater Lake, visit the Marangu village to experience local culture or enjoy scenic views and photography.
The park is endowed with various tourism activities that visitors can do during their visit. The activities include; Mountain Climbing to the Summit (MC), Paragliding, Nature Walking Safaris (Short Walking Safaris (SWS), Long Walking Safaris (LWS), Mawenzi Technical Climbing (MTC), Picnicking, Filming, Non-Summit Bound Climbers, Crater Camping and Mountain Cycling (MB).
MOUNTAIN CLIMBING
Climbing to Kibo peak takes 5 to 8 days depending on the route. The more days, the higher the possibility to conquer the summit. An extra day in any station above 3000m above sea level during the climb is highly recommended for adequate acclimatization. Six mountain trails can take a climber to the highest point in Africa, each route offering different attractions and challenges
MAWENZI TECHNICAL CLIMBING
Mawenzi is the second highest peak on Mount Kilimanjaro. The rugged peak of Mawenzi (5,149 m) lies to the East. The top of its Western face is fairly steep with many crags, pinnacles and dyke swarms. Its Eastern side falls in cliffs over 1,000m high in a complex of gullies and rock faces, rising above two deep gorges. The terrain of Mawenzi peak makes it unreachable but by technical roped ascents (supplied by an individual client). Technical climbers can hike the present seven sub-peaks namely Nordecke 5136 m, Hans Meyer 5149 m, highest point, Purtscheller 5120 m, Borchers 5115 m, Klute 5096 m, Latham 5087 m and Londt point 4945 m depending on the time and season of the year.
CRATER CAMPING
Camping in the crater provides unique visitors’ night experience. While inside the crater tourist can visit the unique bench-shaped glaciers, the formation that can only be found at Mount Kilimanjaro.
MOUNT KILIMANJARO PARAGLIDING
Paragliders should feel home at Mount Kilimanjaro as freeflying the Worlds biggest free standing mountain is now under operation.
MOUNT KILIMANJARO CYCLING (KILEMA ROUTE)
Tourists have a chance to cycle inside the park. There are two routes, one for summit bound visitors (Kilema route) and second one for non summit visitors (Shira plateau). These routes are equipped with picnic sites and resting points. It takes 5 to 7 days to reach the summit. Mount Kilimanjaro cycling is named the “World’s most challenging mountain cycling” and also “Worlds’ longest mountain downhill ride” with a difference of 4000m within a strip of 34Kms
KILIMANJARO NATIONAL PARK PICNICKING
Picnic Sites:
There are a total of 13 picnic sites along the hiking routes, offering spectacular views of the park’s attractions. These sites are ideal for enjoying packed meals while trekking. The picnic sites include:
Short Walking Safaris (SWS)
Marangu Via Lauwo To Mandara Route:
Distance: 12 km
Route: Starts from Marangu via Lauwo Waterfall to Mandara Hut and back to Marangu.
Machame Gate To Machame Hut Route:
Distance: 11 km
Route: Starts from Machame Gate to Machame Hut and back to Machame Gate.
Morum Barrier To Shira I Route:
Distance: 6 km
Route: Starts from Morum Barrier to Shira I and back to Morum Barrier Gate.
Rongai Gate To Simba Camp:
Distance: 5 km
Route: Starts from Rongai Gate to Simba Camp and back to Rongai Gate.
Activities for Non-Summit-Bound Kilimanjaro Climbers
Activities Include:
Visiting waterfalls (Lauwo)
Exploring the Shira Plateau
Watching wildlife, including high-altitude birds
Walking through the mountain forest
Day walks to Maundi Crater, Lake Chala, and cultural sites such as Kifunika and cultural camps in the Kilimanjaro villages around.
Ascending Routes
Lemosho Route (LWS):
Location: Western side of the mountain
Stations: Mti Mkubwa, then joins Londorosi route at Shira I.
Londorosi Route (LWS):
Location: Western side of the mountain
Stations: Shira I, Shira II, Baranco, Karanga, and Barafu. Offers the chance to use the Northern Circuit and Western Breach.
Machame Route (LWS):
Location: South-West of the mountain
Stations: Machame Hut, Shira Cave, Baranco, Karanga, and Barafu.
Umbwe Route (LWS):
Location: South-West of the mountain
Stations: Umbwe Cave (inside the forest belt) and three others after joining Machame route at Baranco Camp.
Marangu Route (LWS):
Type: Ascending-descending route with huts along the trail
Stations: Mandara, Horombo, and Kibo. Facilities include toilets, kitchens, dining areas, and rooms for clients. Advance booking through a licensed mountain tour operator is mandatory.
Rongai Route (LWS):
Type: Ascending route with options for four or five stations
Stations (4-station option): Simba Camp, Second Cave, Third Cave, and School Hut
Stations (5-station option): Simba Camp, Second Cave, Kikelelwa, Mawenzi Tarn Hut, and School Hut
Descent: Visitors descend through the Marangu route.
Descending Route
Mweka Route (LWS):
Location: Southern side of the mountain
Stations: Mweka Hut, High Camp (Millennium), and Barafu. Used by visitors descending from Londorosi, Lemosho, Machame, and Umbwe routes.
Cycling Route
Kilema Route (LWS):
Type: Cycling route
Stations: Kilemamchele, Maua, and Kibo. It is a two-way traffic route.
KILIMANJARO ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES
The Park provides a variety of accommodations ranging from Mountain huts, hostel and 32 public Campsites. Booking for huts and hostel is done through licensed local tour operators
MANDARA HUT
It a first station located along the Marangu ascending/descending trail 8kms from Marangu gate. The word Mandara originate from the name of the former Chief of Marangu whose name was Mandara. The reason is to keep the good memory of the chief Mandara who was in charge during the time when the hut was opened in 1942. The hut has a capacity of 100beds for tourists and 200beds for guides and porters; therefore total number of people being 300 at a time
HOROMBO HUT
This is a second station allocated 19kms from Marangu gate, at an altitude of 3720m amsl. The word Horombo originate from the name of the former Chief of Rombo district (Keni) whose name was Horombo Urio. The reason is to keep the good memory of the chief Horombo. The hut has a capacity of 170 beds for tourists and 900beds for guides and porters; therefore total number of people being 1,070at a time
KIBO HUT
This is the third and base station located 28kms from Marangu gate at an altitude of 4720m amsl. It originates its name from the peak “Kibo”
MACHAME CAMP
This is the first camp along Machame route located 11kms and at an altitude of 2835M amsl
BARAFU HUT CAMP
This is the second camp along Machame route located 16kms from Machame gate and at an altitude of 3750M amsl
LAVA TOWER CAMP
This is a camp (used mostly for acclimatization) along Machame route located 23kms from Machame gate and at an altitude of 4600M a.m.s.l
BARANCO HUT CAMP
This is the fourth/third camp along Machame route located 26kms from Machame gate and at an altitude of 3900M a.m.s.l
ARROW GLACIER CAMP
This is the third camp along Machame route located 24kms from Machame gate and at an altitude of 4903M a.m.s.l. It is used by visitors who attemps their summit using the Western breach to uhuru
KARANGA HUT CAMP
This is the fifth camp along Machame route located 32kms from Machame gate and at an altitude of 3995M a.m.s.
BARAFU HUT CAMP
This is the sixth camp along Machame route located 36kms from Machame gate and at an altitude of 4673M a.m.s.l
HIGH CAMP
This is the second camp along Mweka route located 13.5kms from Mweka gate and at an altitude of 3950M a.m.s.l
MWEKA CAMP
This is the last camp along Mweka route located 10kms from Mweka gate and at an altitude of 3100M a.m.s.l. This camp is used by visitors after summit
MTI MKUMBWA CAMP
This is the first camp along Lemosho route located 3.5kms from lemosho gate and at an altitude of 2650M a.m.s.l.
SHIRA 1 CAMP
This is the second camp along Lemosho route located 10.5kms from lemosho gate and at an altitude of 3610M a.m.s.l.
SHIA 11 CAMP
This is the third camp along Lemosho route located 20.5kms from lemosho gate and at an altitude of 3850M a.m.s.l.
MOIR HUT CAMP
This is a first camp located 10Kms from Shira I camp and it is used for overnight for visitors using the western circuit.
POFU CAMP
This is a second camp after Moir hut were visitors overnight before joining the Rongai route at Third cave or School hut.
SIMBA CAMP
This is the first camp along Rongai route located 5kms from Rongai gate and at an altitude of 2671M a.m.s.l
SECOND CAVE CAMP
This is the second camp along Rongai route located 13kms from Rongai gate and at an altitude of 3450M a.m.s.l.
THIRD CAVE CAMP
This is the third camp along Rongai route located 16kms from Rongai gate and at an altitude of 3800M a.m.s.l.
KIKELElWA CAMP
This is the third camp via Mawenzi hut along Rongai route located 1kms from Rongai gate and at an altitude of 3600M a.m.s.l.
MAMWENZI TARN HUT CAMP
This is the fourth camp along Rongai route located 21kms from Rongai gate and at an altitude of 4315M a.m.s.l.
SCHOOL HUT CAMP
This is the fifth and a base camp along Rongai route located 31kms from Rongai gate (via Mawenzi tarn hut) and at an altitude of 400M a.m.s.l.
MAUA CAMP
This camp is under development and it will be used by visitors from Rongai route. It is located adjacent to Horombo huts
UMBWE CAVE CAMP
This is the first camp along the Umbwe route “the whisky route”
KILIMANJARO NATIONAL PARK FEES
Kilimanjaro National Park fees are mandatory costs for visitors wishing to explore the park and climb Mount Kilimanjaro. The fees include park entry, camping, rescue fees, and guide and porter services. The cost varies depending on the length of the climb and the route chosen, but generally, it ranges from $2000 to $6000 per person. These fees contribute to the maintenance and preservation of the park.
Rescue Fees
First up are the rescue fees for Kilimanjaro. Should anything happen, then the KINAPA, Kilimanjaro National Park, will arrange a rescue.The fees for this are 20 USD. Not a bad price considering the fact that this mountain is almost 6,000 meters high.
Conservation Fees
The conservation fee is basically the entry fee for Kilimanjaro, your ticket to the party. This is a daily fee of 70 USD. If you are choosing a 7-day Lemosho or Machame route, then you can do the math: 7 x 70 USD = 490 USD.
The conservation fees are charged by the park department and go towards, you’ve guessed it, conservation of Kilimanjaro National Park. Apart from the fact that this is the highest fee, it is also the most important one. These fees make sure that Kilimanjaro is looked after.
Camping Fees
On all Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes other l than the Marangu Route, you will be staying on campsites. Just like the conservation fees, this fee is calculated per person per day/night. The fees are USD 50 / 44 EUR / 40 GBP.
Hut Fees
On the Marangu route, you will be staying in huts. These huts need a coat of paint every now and then as well. Although the Marangu Route is a relatively affordable trek, you must know that still, 60 USD / 53 EUR / 48 GBP per night goes towards the huts.
Crater Fees
It is an interesting experience that comes at an extra cost. For 100 USD / 88 EUR / 80 GBP a night you can stay at Crater Camp.
Guide & Porter Fees
What is also included in the costs of your Kilimanjaro climb is the daily fees for guides and porters. You pay 2 USD / 1,80 EUR / 1,60 GBP per staff member a day. There are a few exceptions for the above-mentioned park fees. For children, there are some discounts and if you are a citizen (and resident) of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda or South Sudan you can also enjoy some benefits. There is also some discount applicable to expatriates.
FLORA & FAUNA OF KILIMANJARO
Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. The mountain’s varying altitudes and climates contribute to its biodiversity, with each altitude level hosting different ecosystems. The lower slopes are covered in dense tropical rainforest, home to elephants, leopards, and various monkey species. As the altitude increases, the vegetation changes to moorland, populated by unique high-altitude plants like the giant groundsels and lobelias. The alpine desert zone, above the moorland, is largely devoid of large wildlife but hosts a few hardy bird and rodent species. The summit zone is inhospitable to most life forms due to its extreme conditions.
There are those who have devoted a lifetime study to the flora of Kilimanjaro, and even then have only scratched the surface. Diversity is the key word, and in certain species, such as the cloud forest orchids, these can experience relatively rapid evolution causing some merging of species and some confusion as to what is a species, a sub-species or merely a localised variation on an established theme.
The main floral features of Kilimanjaro are the Giant Lobelia, or Lobelia deckenii, a curious plant with an otherworldly structure and occasional gigantism thanks to high rainfall and intense tropical solar radiation. Another is the Tree Grounsel, or Senico Kilimanjari, a local variation of a common mountain plant seen on both Mount Kenya and Rwenzori. Another feature of the ecology is a selection of Protea varieties that again are a standard African highland floral species. These most commonly form part of the Cape Fynbos family. It is in fact a commercial species in many parts of Africa. The crisp, dry textured daisies that proliferate in many forms beyond the forest belt are the ubiquitous everlasting daisies, a perennial favourite in and pot pourri, and again a species common to most tropical highland regions of Africa.
A type of diminutive wild cedar of the Widdringtonia variety grows in what is known as heather fields of Kilimanjaro, and although not a heather in strict terms it certainly does give the slopes a temperate highland feel.
Animal and birdlife in the lower forests compete in every respect with the flora for sheer diversity. What can mostly be seen and heard are the larger primates consisting of the piebald Colobus Monkeys, Blue Monkeys and of course the ubiquitous baboons. Forest elephants, giraffe and buffalo are all rare and secretive forest dwellers, but a chance encounter now and again is distinctly possible along certain routes.
Known disparagingly as a sky rat the white-collared raven is a very common sight. Sometimes a single pair will track a climbing party for an entire trip in the hope of bounty, and they have on occasions been known to advance their fortunes by raiding unattended camps. They are the safe-crackers of the local animal kingdom, and can unzip a backpack and locate a bag of noodles or candy with uncanny skill. They also mate for life and a single specimen will either be a juvenile or an adult that has lost its mate.
Look out for hornbills, a variety of raptors and a staggering diversity of smaller forest species. On higher ground the presence of life grows increasingly sparse, until eventually even the ravens peel of and leave you to your own devices as you ascend the kill-zone.
Mount Kilimanjaro Glaciers: The 4 Famous Glaciers
Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is renowned for its four famous glaciers: the Northern Ice Field, the Eastern Ice Field, the Southern Ice Field, and the Furtwängler Glacier. These glaciers, despite being near the equator, exist due to the mountain’s high altitude. However, they have been rapidly receding due to climate change. The Furtwängler Glacier, in particular, has lost more than 80% of its mass since the early 20th century. These glaciers contribute to the unique beauty and biodiversity of Mount Kilimanjaro, attracting climbers and tourists from around the world.
What Are The 4 Famous Kilimanjaro Glacier?
Besides the Furtwangler Glacier, the Kilimanjaro Glacier also consists of the Rebmann Glacier, Credner Glacier, and Arrow Glacier.
Furtwängler Glacier
Furtwängler Glacier is located at the peak of Mount Kilimanjaro. It gets its name from mountaineer Walter Furtwängler. He, alongside Siegfried König started a fourth party and summited the mountain in 1912. The Kilimanjaro climb was quite legendary!
Unfortunately, from 1912 to 2023, about 85 percent of the ice cap melted and disappeared due to the changing weather conditions. The glacier was formed out of a small ice cap of Kilimanjaro and had been there for the longest time known. It has been estimated that the glacier is at least eleven thousand years old, dating back to 1650 CE.
One of the saddest realities, as per the statistics and patterns from the past to this date, is that the glacier is close to completely disappearing by the year 2060, which is not very far from the current time. All the ice had been estimated to have disappeared by 2040 at this pace.
The history of a drastic change in the glacier dates back to 1976 when the glacier started disappearing and making its complete half disappearance by the year 2000. Furtwangler went from 113,000 square meters (1,220,000 sq ft) to 60,000 m2 (650,000 sq ft). The decline was constant after the year. In 2018, the glacier had been cut to 11,000 m2 (120,000 sq ft). Though there is still a much smaller remnant of the glacier to this day, it had been forecasted from the declining patterns of the glaciers that it would be churned down to nothing by 2023. Thankfully, so has not been the case yet!
A mysterious thing happened in the Furtwangler glacier in 2006. A big hole was discovered by scientists during fieldwork in the center of the glacier. The hole runs deep to 6 meters (20 feet). This led to the glacier being cut into two halves the following year, in 2007.
Credner Glacier
Credner Glacier is located on the northwest slope at an elevation between 5,800 and 5,500 meters (19,000 and 18,000 ft) of Mount Kilimanjaro. This glacier is located in the top half of the glacier as well. The glacier goes down from the Northern Ice Field. This is possibly one of the largest glaciers in Tanzania, if not the largest. The Credner glacier, sadly, has been the target of the growing climate change and has been decreasing in size for a while now. In 2013, it was estimated that the glacier would perish in a decade. So is not the case, but the glacier’s end may be very close, considering how badly the climate is changing. Credner has always been the likelihood of retreating since it is in the most exposed area of Mount Kili.
Rebmann Glacier
In 1848, German explorer and mountaineer Johann Rebmann reported the observations of the glaciers in Kilimanjaro. This gave the name Rebmann Glacier as a tribute to Johann. Rebmann is located on the opposite side of Credner Glacier. Furthermore, it is a small remnant of the glacier in Kilimanjaro. The glacier has been retreating for many decades now, dating back to 1912, which makes it more than 100 years ago. And 82 percent of ice has perished from the glacier as of 2023.
Arrow Glacier
The Arrow Glacier is a small remnant of ice glacier in Mount Kilimanjaro located at an elevation between 5,470 and 5,300 meters (17,950 and 17,390 ft). The glacier is on the west side of the mountain. This glacier is adjacent to the Lemosho route of Mount Kilimanjaro. In the past, it had been forecasted that arrow glaciers may not even exist by 2011. Furthermore, Arrow Glacier did not possess the name since the very beginning of time. It was only called so after it lost big parts of itself and only remained as a very small piece of ice. The Arrow Glacier was once part of the Little Barranco Glacier, which has already perished.
What Type Of Glacier Has Mount Kilimanjaro?
Mount Kilimanjaro has a tropical glacier alongside other peaks like Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori range across the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda in Africa. All these mountains are very tall and cross an altitude of 5000 meters above sea level. This makes the mountain extremely cold and freezy throughout the year.
How Many Glaciers Are On Kilimanjaro?
In total, Kilimanjaro has 16 glaciers that have yet to be discovered and explored. Among all these, the four most famous are Arrow Glacier, Rebmann Glacier, Credner Glacier, and Furdwangler Glacier. All these glaciers have been dispersed in almost every direction of the mountain. Kilimanjaro glaciers are located all at the summit of the peak.
One of the most heartbreaking realities about the Kilimanjaro glacier is that there have been at least four glaciers that have already disappeared to this date and numerous others which have retreated or kept retreating. This is the result of excessive humidity and harsh climatic changes. The glaciers are melting or breaking down from their original forms even today. It has been forecasted by many explorers and intellectuals that the glaciers will no longer remain in existence and have the probability of disappearing completely with time.
Does Kilimanjaro Still Have A Glacier?
The activities in nature are unstoppable. Though there still are glaciers in Kilimanjaro, they are not in the same form as they used to be even a few years ago. The glaciers are retreating and perishing with time. It is also said that the glaciers have been existing in Mount Kilimanjaro for 11,700 years.
Mount Kilimanjaro Climate – Five Main Mount Ecological Zones
Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, is unique for its five distinct ecological zones. The first zone, the bushland or lower slopes, is characterized by coffee and banana plantations. The second zone, the rainforest, is home to a variety of wildlife and receives high rainfall. The third zone, the heath and moorland, is a semi-alpine area with lower temperatures and less precipitation. The fourth zone, the alpine desert, is a harsh environment with extreme temperature fluctuations and very little life. The fifth and final zone, the arctic zone, is a barren landscape covered in ice and snow. Each zone has its unique climate, flora, and fauna.
LOWER SLOPES
Altitude: 800m to 1800m
Rainfall: 500mm to 1800mm
The southern lower slopes of Kilimanjaro contain ample evidence of human activity. The original scrub and lowland forest have been replaced by grazing land, cultivation and densely populated settlements fed by water permeating from the forest zone. The slopes were originally earmarked by the British and Germans as potential settlement areas due to the ‘European’ weather. These lush and fertile lands are in stark contrast to the northern slopes where low rainfall coupled with the porosity of the lava soils prohibits cultivation. There are none of the larger mammals in this zone but some of the smaller tree-dwelling mammals are numerous such as bushbabies, tree hyrax, and genet.
FOREST
Altitude: 1800 to 2800m
Rainfall: 2000mm to the south and west and under 1000mm to north and east
The forest belt completely encircles Kilimanjaro and provides the best conditions for plant life. It serves as the water provider for all the lower slopes with up to 96% of all the water on the mountain originating from this zone and then percolating down through the porous lava rock to emerge as springs. The forest supports a variety of wildlife including several large mammals such as elephants and buffalo and in certain areas, it is compulsory to have an armed guide. Occasionally eland inhabits the upper fringes of the forest. Colobus and blue monkeys are common, along with bushbuck, duikers, leopard, and bush-pig. The forest is often cloaked with a band of clouds, particularly between 2500m and 3000m. This cloud promotes high humidity and dampness year-round. Whilst clear nights can get pretty cold, during the day temperatures rarely leave the range 15C to 20C.
HEATH & MOORLAND
Altitude: 2800m to 4000m
Rainfall: 1300mm at the edge of the forest and 530mm at the upper limit.
This semi-alpine zone is characterized by a heathland type of vegetation and abundant wildflowers. Lobelia deckenii, a species of flowering plant, and Senecio Kilimanjaro, a giant groundsel, are endemic to the area and particularly striking. This zone does not support abundant wildlife due to its altitude but there have been sightings of hunting dogs, buffalo, elephants, and most commonly eland. The Shira plateau is even occasionally visited by lions. Smaller mammals are more common and support a few predators such as civets, servals, and leopards.
HIGHLAND DESERT
Altitude: 4000m to 5000m
Rainfall: 250mm
The temperature of the Kilimanjaro semi-desert zone ranges from sub-zero at night to 30C during the day. Water is scarce and there is little soil to retain any moisture. There are only 55 recorded plant species that survive at this altitude. Lichens and tussock grasses are present in reasonable numbers, as are some mosses. But as the soil is subject to movement overnight as the ground water freezes, most root plants find life extremely hard. There are no resident larger animals in the desert, although eland, leopard, serval and hunting dog all pass through on occasion. Only a few birds can survive in this rarefied air and once again none are resident. Ravens and some large birds of prey will hunt during the day but head downhill with the sunset.
THE SUMMIT OF KILIMANJARO
Altitude: 5000m – 5985m
Rainfall: under 100mm
An arctic zone characterized by freezing cold nights and a burning daytime sun. Oxygen levels are half that of sea level. There is minimal liquid surface water because of a combination of low rainfall and porous rock, and the bleak terrain supports minimal life forms. A few lichens grow, but only at a rate of about 1mm per year, so even the most unimpressive-looking spread is probably of venerable age. The highest recorded flowering plant was a Helichrysum newii at 5670m within the Kibo Crater but these are few and far between, as are sightings of mammals at this altitude
Wildlife on Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is home to a diverse range of wildlife species, largely due to its varying climates and habitats. The lower slopes of the mountain are inhabited by elephants, leopards, buffalos, and monkeys, while the higher altitudes are home to smaller mammals like bushbabies and duikers. The mountain also hosts a variety of bird species, including sunbirds, warblers, and the endangered Abbott’s Starling. However, due to the harsh conditions at the highest altitudes, wildlife is sparse near the summit.
If you are ever around Mount Kilimanjaro, you will be going around on a safari ride. Kilimanjaro National Park will provide you with a view of different animals in the area. However, you will get to see a wide variety of animals as you go higher for mount climbing. Not only the daytime but nighttime also serves to be the best to find some nocturnal animals in the Kilimanjaro area. Animals and birds are easily spotted on the slopes on the lower sides of the mountain.
District Zones In Mount Kilimanjaro To Find Wildlife
There are five district zones in Kilimanjaro where you can find wildlife, namely; cultivated zone, rainforest zone, Afro-alpine moorland zone, alpine desert zone, arctic zone at 800 m to 1,800 m, 1,800 m to 2,800 m, 2,800 m to 4,000 m, 4,000 m to 5,000 m, and above 5,000 m respectively.
Mammals On Mount Kilimanjaro
When you are in the lower ranges of Kilimanjaro, you will get to see several mammals like, elephant
The larger animals like cape buffaloes, black rhinos, and elephants roam around the lower range. While you may spot them around the lower range of the national park, it is least likely for them to go to higher ranges which lowers the chances of you seeing them anywhere around the base camp. The dangers of being attacked by such animals around the night while ascending Mount Kilimanjaro, hence, aren’t probable. But, in exceptional cases, you might want to watch for such animals even when you are in the higher ranges, as you always have to remain safe regardless of the low chances of them being there.
Monkeys On Mount Kilimanjaro
Kilimanjaro is famous for the widest range of the rarest monkeys in the world. Old-world monkeys in the area are very common. These monkeys are often found in the rainforest belt of the wildlife reserve. The ever enthusiastic breed of monkeys called blue monkeys or diademed monkeys are always around. They are not very afraid of humans. Hence you can encounter them up close around the national park. Another common breed of monkey is the black-and-white colobus monkey. They are, however, more timid in comparison to the blue monkeys. Regardless, finding them around the Kilimanjaro area will not be as hard.
Antelopes on Kilimanjaro
You will find many types of antelopes on Kilimanjaro, including red and grey duikers, Abbot’s duikers, mountain reedbucks, common elands, klipspringers, and bushbuck. Common elands (or oryxes) are the bigger antelopes in the area. These species are 1.6m tall and can weigh up to 940 kg ranging from 400 kg. Likewise, there are extremely small species like klipspringers who only weigh a maximum of 18 kg. Klipspringers are monogamous to their mates and are nocturnal. Another amazing fact about this species is that they walk on the tip of their hooves. Similarly, the most endangered species on Kilimanjaro is Abbot’s duikers. They can only be found in Tanzania. These animals are likely to hide in their thick vegetation. They are, again, nocturnal
Chameleons On Kilimanjaro
Chameleons can be found widely on Kilimanjaro. One of the rarest types of chameleon, three-horned chameleons, are in big numbers on the lower slopes of Kilimanjaro. The female of this species does not have any horns. These chameleons are the natives only in East Africa. Kilimanjaro two-horned chameleon or Dwarf Fischer’s chameleon are found in northern Tanzania and southern Kenya. These are just as rare to find in general. However, it can be found in good numbers in Kilimanjaro.
Nocturnal Wildlife On Kilimanjaro
Nocturnal animals are the ones that are wide awake during the night time in contrast to the daytime. Some of the most common nocturnal animals on Kilimanjaro are klipspringers, bush babies, and tree hyraxes. Bush babies have the appearance of innocence because of their big and round eyes. However, they are harder to spot because of their timid nature. Tree hyraxes or tree dassies are Kilimanjaro’s most common and noisy nocturnal animals. Their screeches can be heard not just in the lower ranges but also in the upper ranges. Likewise, while they look similar to a rabbit, they are far relatives of elephants and manatees. They tend to way up to only 2 kg.
Birds On Kilimanjaro
There are about 179 different species of birds in Kilimanjaro which includes; vultures, buzzards, ravens, hornbills, turacos (Laurie), shrikes, hornbills, cuckoos, flycatchers, barbets, chats, woodpeckers, bee-eaters, and sunbirds. In the moorland area of the base camp, you will spot White-necked ravens. Another beautiful species of bird in Kilimanjaro is the African pygmy kingfisher. Abbot’s starling can be found only in some areas of Kenya and Tanzania. Therefore, if you are around the Kilimanjaro wildlife area, you will surely get a rare sighting of this bird species. Emerald malachite sunbird is terrific-looking birds that are rare but can be spotted in the Kilimanjaro area. And you will not want to miss out on the unique African pitta in Kilimanjaro.
Which Routes Should I Take To Find Wildlife On Kilimanjaro?
While there are quite many routes that you can take on your way up to the top of Kilimanjaro, there are some routes that are better than others. The most commonly taken route will be The Northern Circuit or Grand Traverse if you want to find sightings of birds and animals. A large number of animals roam around the northern part of Kilimanjaro. This gives you the option of exploring more animals and birds in this circuit. The nine-day route of the Northern circuit allows one to spot and explore various animals and birds in Kilimanjaro.
The Rongai route in the northeast also provides you with an impressive range of wildlife. The Lemosho and Machame routes are other great routes to find wildlife on Kilimanjaro. You will be ascending through the rainforests. Whatsoever, the trekking and walk-up will be gentler than you may think. The Shira route and the Marangu route are also an option for you. But, these routes have a comparatively difficult ascend and descent which makes the former routes more convenient and better options.
Do Lions Live On Kilimanjaro?
You will not encounter animals as large and dangerous as lions in Kilimanjaro. Mount Kilimanjaro has a wider range of mammals and giant animals; however, predators like lions are not present in the mountain area or the base camp either. Besides, you are safe from lion attacks even around the national park area. Whatever, you must be aware enough to find animals like elephants, monkeys, antelope, and Abbott’s Duiker in the lower ranges of Kilimanjaro.
Do Gorillas Live On Mount Kilimanjaro?
No, you will not find any gorillas on Mount Kilimanjaro. However, if you take a 1-and-a-half-hour flight to Kigali, you will find mountain gorillas there. In Kilimanjaro, there are no such primates as gorillas, though.
MOUNT KILIMANJARO TEMPERATURE
Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, experiences a wide range of temperatures due to its elevation. At its base, the average temperature is around 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit (21 to 27 degrees Celsius). As you ascend, the temperature drops approximately 1 degree Celsius for every 200 meters in altitude gained. The summit, at 5,895 meters above sea level, can experience temperatures as low as -20 degrees Celsius. The temperature can also vary greatly between day and night, with nights being significantly colder.
RAIN FOREST ZONE (~800 Meters – 3,000 Meters)
From the earliest part of your trek you are going to be confronted with tropical rain forest. Humidity is high and light mist or sometimes drizzle is common. Various flora such as orchids, ferns, fig and olive trees cover this area of Kilimanjaro. You will likely see Blue and Colobus monkeys, and if you are trekking from the North-East Rongai route or Western Lemosho, Shira or Northern Circuit you may even see elephant, buffalo and large antelope.
LOW ALPINE ZONE (~3,000 Meters – 4,200 Meters)
At approximately.3,000 metres the rainforest rapidly gives way to semi-arid grasslands and moorlands, this area is known as the low alpine zone. Heather and small shrubs cover the landscape, the weather is significantly less humid and temperatures can get to sub-zero in the evening. The most prominent flora features in this zone are the Senecios and Giant Lobelias, which look like deformed palm trees. Fauna is sparse; however you will likely see crows overhead foraging for food.
HIGH ALPINE ZONE (~4,200 Meters – 5,000 Meters)
This zone is characterised by an arid desert environment that is rather inhospitable. During the day temperatures are hot and solar radiation is high (make sure to apply lots of sun-cream). At night temperatures plummet to below freezing. From this zone the slopes of Kibo and Kilimanjaro’s summit come into perfect view.
GLACIAL ZONE (5000 To 5,895 Meters)
The final zone houses the upper reaches of Kibo and Mawenzi and consists of high altitude artic conditions. Life is very scarce in this zone as oxygen levels are near half what they were on the lower reaches of the mountain. Fine glacial silt covers the slopes that reach up to Kilimanjaro’s summit and large glaciers are visible from Kilimanjaro’s crater rim. Due to the high solar radiation during the day, freezing temperatures at night, gale force winds and low oxygen levels, this zone is not one where you want to stay too long!
SNOW ON KILIMANJARO
Snow on Kilimanjaro can occur all year round, but the most common months are November through March. Here is a chart showing average snowfall by month.
WHAT IS THE TEMPERATURE AT TOP OF MOUNT KILIMANJARO?
The temperature at the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro can range from 0 to -20 degrees Celsius (32 to -4 degrees Fahrenheit). A big factor that drives the temperature at the top of Mount Kilimanjaro is the wind. The wind chill factor can make a relatively cold night, like -2 degrees Celsius (28 degrees Fahrenheit), feel like -15 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit). It’s worth noting that temperatures at the summit are colder at night, which is the time that most trekkers push for the summit. By late morning it can actually feel quite hot at the summit, especially on a windless clear day.
WHICH ARE THE WETTEST MONTHS ON KILIMANJARO?
The wettest months on Kilimanjaro are April and May. These are not good months to hike the mountain. Later March can also see quite a lot of rain. There is a short rainy season in November as well. The Northern side of Kilimanjaro is in a rain shadow, so if you’re limited to these months, then try the Rongai route.
KILIMANJARO ROUTES
Kilimanjaro Routes are the designated paths that climbers use to ascend and descend Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. There are seven main routes: Marangu, Machame, Lemosho, Shira, Rongai, Northern Circuit, and Umbwe. Each route varies in terms of difficulty, scenery, traffic, and the number of days required for the climb. The Marangu route is the most popular, often referred to as the “Coca-Cola” route, while the Machame route, known as the “Whiskey” route, is considered the most scenic. The choice of route depends on the climber’s experience, fitness level, and personal preference.
MARANGU ROUTE
The Marangu Route, often referred to as the “Coca Cola” route, is one of the most popular routes to the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Known for its relative ease compared to other routes, it offers sleeping huts along the way for climbers, and is the only route that can be hiked in five days, although six days are recommended for better acclimatization. Despite its reputation for being easier, the success rate is not as high as other routes due to the faster ascent.
MACHAME ROUTE
The Machame Route, also known as the “Whiskey” route, is one of the most popular routes to ascend Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Known for its scenic beauty, the route approaches the summit from the southwest and descends using the Mweka route, offering climbers varied and stunning landscapes. Despite its popularity, the Machame Route is considered a difficult route due to its steep trails and is recommended for more experienced climbers.
LEMOSHO ROUTE
The Lemosho Route is a popular trekking path for climbing Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, known for its beautiful scenery and high success rate. It starts on the western side of the mountain and crosses over the Shira Plateau, before joining the Machame Route. The trek typically takes 7 to 8 days, allowing climbers to acclimatize to the altitude. The Lemosho Route is considered one of the most scenic routes on Mount Kilimanjaro, offering panoramic views of various sides of the mountain.
NORTHERN CIRCUITS ROUTE
The Northern Circuits Route is a popular trekking path in Tanzania, known for being the longest route to ascend Mount Kilimanjaro. It offers a complete traverse of the mountain, allowing trekkers to see every aspect of Kilimanjaro’s diverse environments. The route takes approximately nine days to complete, providing a high success rate due to its longer acclimatization period. The Northern Circuits Route is less crowded compared to other routes, offering a more solitary and serene experience.
RONGAI ROUTE
The Rongai Route is one of the less crowded paths to ascend Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. Starting from the northeastern side of the mountain near the Kenyan border, the route offers a unique wilderness experience with the possibility of spotting wildlife. It is considered one of the easier routes, with a gradual ascent that allows for better acclimatization, although it is less scenic compared to other routes. The descent is made through the Marangu Route.
CRATER CAMP KILIMANJARO: AFRICA HIGHEST CAMP
Crater Camp is a campsite located near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. Situated at an altitude of approximately 18,800 feet, it is nestled in the mountain’s crater, next to the Furtwangler Glacier. The camp is not frequently used due to its high altitude and the associated health risks, but it offers climbers a unique opportunity to explore the glaciers and ash pit of Kilimanjaro. It is typically used by climbers on longer routes who want to spend an extra day acclimatizing or exploring the summit area.
KILIMANJARO ASH PIT : THE CENTER OF THE VOLCANO
The Kilimanjaro Ash Pit is a volcanic crater located at the peak of Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. It is part of the dormant Kibo volcano, one of the three volcanic cones of Mount Kilimanjaro. The ash pit is approximately 140 meters deep and 360 meters wide, and it is considered one of the most perfectly formed volcanic craters in the world. Despite the harsh conditions at the summit, the ash pit is a popular destination for climbers and adventurers.
MOUNT KILIMANJARO DIFFICULTY LEVELS
Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is the highest mountain in Africa and is a popular destination for climbers. However, the difficulty of climbing Kilimanjaro should not be underestimated. Despite not requiring technical climbing skills, the trek is physically demanding due to the high altitude, low temperature, and occasional high winds. The main challenge for most climbers is altitude sickness, which can be life-threatening if not managed properly. Proper acclimatization, physical preparation, and a slow ascent can increase the chances of a successful climb.
The trek involves daily hiking for 5 to 8 hours, with significant elevation gains of 1,000 to 2,000+ feet (305 to 610+ meters) per day. This demanding level of trekking will be experienced throughout the trip, and you should be in excellent physical shape to undertake the climb. Before attempting the trek, it is recommended to engage in regular workouts, including at least 4 one-hour sessions per week. Ideally, some of these workouts should involve hiking with a small backpack, gradually increasing the duration and altitude gain if possible.
The distance covered on the Kilimanjaro trek is not the main challenge; a seven-night trek can add up to as little as 150 kilometers or 100 miles, and about half of it is optional. The focus lies on the elevation gain and acclimatization process. Each day on the trail usually starts with a 2-4 hour morning walk, covering most, if not all, of the distance between camps. In the afternoons, trekkers are encouraged to participate in additional acclimatization treks, which take them higher in altitude before returning to camp to sleep at a lower altitude. This acclimatization process helps the body adjust to the altitude and reduces the risk of altitude sickness. These treks typically last for 2-5 hours.
The summit day of Mount Kilimanjaro is particularly challenging, involving around 12-15 hours of continuous walking to reach the top. It’s a long and grueling day, often with cold temperatures and difficult terrain.
For a seven-night trek, you can expect a total of around 56 hours of walking. However, the average walking speed tends to be quite slow due to the high altitude and challenging conditions.
Mount Kilimanjaro Elevation Gain
Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is the highest mountain in Africa and the highest single free-standing mountain in the world, with an elevation gain of approximately 4,900 meters (16,100 feet) from its base to the summit. The mountain’s peak, known as Uhuru Peak, stands at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level. The elevation gain is significant and challenging, making acclimatization crucial for climbers to avoid altitude sickness.
1. Northern Circuit: 2,100 M (6,890 Ft) At Lemosho Gate
This is the longest route in Kilimanjaro. Yet, it is also the most common route taken by travelers. The Northern circuit route will take up to 9 days of trekking, extending towards the Lemosho route to the Shira plateau. The Lemosho route is west, while the travelers must cross the Lava Tower and head north to the Rongai route. When you take the Northern route, you should climb from the eastern side and descend from the southern side of the Mweka route.
The Northern Circuit may be one of the most commonly chosen and longest routes, but it is not for those with bad health and fitness. This route might lead to difficulty and a lot of tiredness which is not always the best experience for all. If you want to take a route where you can go slow in case any respiration problem arises in the higher route, however, then this route might be it for you.
2. Lemosho Route: 2,100 M (6,890 Ft) At Lemosho Gate
The Lemosho route at 2100m at Lemosho Gate is probably one of the best routes anyone can take when they are looking to summit Mount Kilimanjaro. This is one of the most scenic yet convenient routes of all time. And it has been highly preferred by travelers as well. Moreover, the chances of altitude sickness lessen when traveling from the Lemosho route because it will take you eight days which is good enough to familiarize yourself with the altitude sickness probable as the altitude increases.
The Lemosho route is also famous for the forests you will go through before you summit the peak of Kilimanjaro. The route is around 70 km or 42 miles. It joins with the Machame route. And, it is not likely for you to take more than 7 to 8 days at maximum if you trek continually, given the fact that you are not suffering from any respiratory diseases or accidents along the way, which is a lot less likely in this route.
How hard is the Lemosho route, though? Well, the answer to this is quite simple. The Lemosho route is probably the easiest route to Kilimanjaro. The longer route serves for better acclimatization. One of the downsides for many travelers, whatsoever, might be that they have to go up to the Barranco Wall, and the mountain only gets steeper and steeper until summited.
3. Shira Route: 3,414 M (11,200 Ft) At Morum Barrier
The Shira route has always been compared to the Lemosho route. But a major difference between these two is that the Shira route is a far less advanced version of the Lemosho route. While the Lemosho route makes it easier for travelers to get proper acclimatization, the Shira route makes it impossible to get better acclimatization, with the summit ending at six days. Most travelers tend to suffer the most on this route. Moreover, the Shira route starts higher from the west at Morum Barrier. In comparison to other easier routes, including the Lemosho route, the Shira route requires you to get used to the changing altitudes much quicker due to the high altitude it begins its route with. It would not be wrong to call the Lemosho route a more developed version of the Shira route, though.
4. Machame Route: 1,640 M (5,380 Ft) At Machame Gate
After the Lemosho route, the Machame route is the easiest route a traveler can take. One of the pros of the Machame route is that it does not take long to climb the mountain and be able to summit it, even for beginners. Though inexperienced backpackers might not have the easiest time climbing the mountain, the Machame route at Machame Gate is probably one of the best for proper acclimatization. The length of this route is 62 km or 37 miles. And since the route is short, it will take around six days to trek through this route. Beginners are recommended to start from the Machame route.
5. Marangu Route: 1,843 M (6,047 Ft) At Marangu Gate
Marangu route approaches the peak of Kilimanjaro from the southeast. This route is probably the easiest as it is also the shortest taking only 5-6 days. The time taken to summit through this route is just around five days. Whatsoever, the benefit might also become a back draw for many as this route will lessen the chances of acclimatization for people. Speaking of the length, the route is 72 kilometers (45 miles) long. Sadly, this route has only a 50% success rate which is quite low considering the success rates of routes like Lemosho. This is mostly due to the lack of time travelers get to adjust their respiration as the altitude changes quickly and fast.
6. Rongai Route: 1,950 M (6,398 Ft) At Rongai Gate
When you take the Rongai route, you climb the mountain from the northeastern side. The success rate of climbing from the Rongai route is 80% which is quite impressive. And it will take travelers about 6 to 7 days at most to climb the mountain through this route. You also get to experience the wilderness of Kilimanjaro through the Rongai route.
7. Umbwe Route: 1,800 M (5,906 Ft) At Umbwe Gate
The Umbwe route is one of the shortest routes to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. But, this does not play any significance in the summit’s success. Travelers will likely suffer from oxygen problems and hardships on the Umbwe route. The Umbwe route is probably one of the riskiest, mostly because it takes only five days. The shortness contributes to bad acclimatization and hence higher risks of suffering from health mishaps. Among all the other elevation gains of Mount Kilimanjaro, this is the most dangerous.
KILIMANJARO WEATHER FORECAST
Mount Kilimanjaro’s weather is highly variable due to its elevation and location near the equator. The mountain experiences a range of climates, from tropical at the base to arctic conditions at the summit. The lower slopes are warm and humid, while the higher altitudes are cold and dry. Rainfall is most common during the two rainy seasons, from March to May and November to December. The best times to climb are during the dry seasons, from June to October and January to February. Temperatures at the summit can drop below freezing, especially at night.
At the base of the mountain, the weather is typically warm and humid, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). As climbers ascend, the temperature decreases and the weather becomes colder and more challenging.
On the lower slopes, climbers might experience a temperate climate with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F). As they climb higher, they enter the alpine zone where temperatures drop even further. In the alpine zone, temperatures can range from -10°C to 10°C (14°F to 50°F).
As climbers reach the summit, the weather conditions become extremely harsh. The summit area is characterized by freezing temperatures, strong winds, and low oxygen levels. Temperatures at the summit can drop as low as -20°C (-4°F) or even lower, especially during the night.
Mt Kilimanjaro is Big. If fact, it is so big, that it changes the climate around itself and has it’s own weather system. Mt Kilimanjaro, in terms of weather, is a huge huge obstruction to the trade winds that bring along with it, precipitation. When moisture laden winds encounter an obstruction, there are two ways they can go – around the obstruction or over it. It is usually a combination of both. Mt Kilimanjaro, however, is so big that it forces these winds to go higher, which results in them cooling. These form the basis of rain or snow on and around the mountain. These patterns are studied in detail by scientists and, interestingly, paragliders.
Best Time To Climb Kilimanjaro
The best time to climb Mount Kilimanjaro is during its two dry seasons, January to mid-March and June to October. During these periods, the weather is generally more predictable and the risk of rainfall is lower, making the climb less challenging. However, it’s important to note that the mountain can be climbed at any time of the year, and weather can be unpredictable at high altitudes.
HOW FIT DO YOU NEED TO BE TO CLIMB KILIMANJARO?
Climbing Kilimanjaro is graded strenuous and you should be in good physical fitness and have experience of multi-day trekking or walking trips prior to undertaking a Kilimanjaro climb. Most days involve 4 – 7 hours of walking at altitude and the summit day is very strenuous with most people walking for between 14 – 18 hours. Even for fit people, the effects of altitude can make the climb very tough.
The most challenging day of your Kilimanjaro Climb, regardless of which Kilimanjaro route you choose, will be the summit day. Because the time for acclimatisation is limited most people will suffer from mild Acute Mountain Sickness and this combined with a very long day of walking will make it one of the toughest days of your life.The trails on Kilimanjaro are generally clear and well maintained, although they can be slippery lower down and, you will be walking over shale closer to the summit.
The Barranco Wall on the Machame and Lemosho routes involves an easy scramble for 1.5 hours and the final climb to the summit is on loose scree and rock and can be snowy/icy. The climb is a hike so no specialist climbing skills are necessary. You must have done extensive hill-walking or aerobic exercise in the run-up to your Kilimanjaro Climb. If you do not currently enjoy a good level of fitness it may take many months of training to reach a suitable level of fitness to enjoy the walk. It is important to start slowly and gradually increase your fitness. Try to exercise for between 30 and 45 minutes three times per week (walking, running, cycling or swimming) and go for long walks on the weekends which should include some hills. A good local gym will be able to draw up a fitness program for you on request.
You must consult your doctor prior to embarking on a fitness program or this trip if your answer is YES to any of the following questions:
Has your doctor ever told you that you have a heart condition?
Have you had any pains in your chest or heart?
Do you frequently lose your balance, feel faint or have spells of severe dizziness?
Has your doctor has ever said that your blood pressure is too high?
Do you have a bone or joint problem that could be made worse by a change in your physical activity?
Are you taking any prescription medications, such as those for heart problems, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or diabetes?
Do you know of any other reason why you should not engage in physical activity?
Are you pregnant?
What’s The Best Training For The Kilimanjaro Plan?
You should do at least 6-8 weeks of training before embarking on your Kilimanjaro trek. The best type of training is long-distance mountain trail walking. If you can’t get out into the mountains though, then aerobic gym workouts (running, cross-training, swimming, etc.), that combine some strength work (especially leg workouts) are a good bet. See our detailed Kilimanjaro training guide.
What Is The Minimum Age To Climb Kilimanjaro?
The minimum age to climb Mount Kilimanjaro is 10 years old, as set by the Kilimanjaro National Park. However, many tour operators recommend that climbers be at least 12 to 14 years old due to the physical demands and potential health risks associated with high-altitude trekking. Ultimately, the decision is dependent on the child’s physical fitness, mental maturity, and previous hiking experience.
How Long Does It Take To Climb Kilimanjaro?
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro typically takes between five to nine days, depending on the route chosen. The journey involves trekking through five different climatic zones, with the final ascent often starting around midnight to reach the summit by dawn. Adequate time is needed for acclimatization to prevent altitude sickness. The quick descent usually takes one to two days.
Is It Hard To Climb Mount Kilimanjaro?
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is considered a challenging feat, but it does not require any technical climbing skills or special equipment, making it accessible to non-professional climbers. The main difficulties come from the high altitude, which can cause altitude sickness, and the physical endurance required for the long trek. The success rate varies depending on the route and the climber’s physical condition, but proper preparation, acclimatization, and a good guide can significantly increase the chances of reaching the summit.
ALTITUDE SICKNESS PREVENTION ON MOUNT KILIMANJARO
Altitude sickness prevention on Mount Kilimanjaro involves a combination of proper acclimatization, staying hydrated, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco. Climbers are advised to ascend slowly, allowing their bodies to adjust to the decreasing oxygen levels. Medications like Acetazolamide can also be used to prevent and reduce the symptoms of altitude sickness. It’s crucial to listen to your body and not push beyond your limits. If symptoms of altitude sickness occur, it’s important to descend immediately to a lower altitude.
ALTITUDE ZONES
High altitude: 2400m to 4200m
This zone covers the majority of all treks, except the first half day on some of the lower starting routes. Here you can expect to be seriously impacted by the effects of altitude in terms of workload and stamina and you may start to feel mild symptoms of sickness such as headaches and nausea.
Very high altitude: 4200m to 5400m
This zone covers the night before the summit attempt on all routes and, on better routes, one or two acclimatization hikes on earlier days. Here the effects of altitude are starting to become more acute, walking at anything other than a snail’s pace is quickly tiring. Most people will now be experiencing adverse symptoms unless they are taking supplementary oxygen. Some people cannot handle this altitude at all and need to be removed from the mountain.
Extreme altitude: above 5400m
The levels commonly known as “the death zone” cover much of the summit attempt, with Uhuru Peak at 5895m. At these altitudes your body is operating below its respiratory equilibrium and is unavoidably deteriorating, if you stayed up here too long without additional oxygen you would die. You are making a run for the summit to get down before you succumb to the adverse effects. If you have supplementary oxygen then you can take your time and will be more likely to appreciate what’s going on around you.
TYPES OF ALTITUDE SICKNESS
There are three different types of altitude sickness. The first is the most common and can often be managed without recourse to evacuation from the mountain. The other two are much more serious and tend to lead to immediate removal to lower altitudes
ALTOXIA
During a trek on Kilimanjaro, it is likely that more than 75% of trekkers will experience at least some form of mild altitude sickness caused by a failure of the body to adapt quickly enough to the reduced level of oxygen in the air at increased altitudes.
This type of altitude sickness is known as altoxia. This term is used almost exclusively on Kilimanjaro since this is the only commonly trekked mountain where these extreme altitudes are encountered so quickly.
Altoxia is most commonly experienced on the summit approach, but can also occur earlier in a trek, especially during day hikes to higher altitudes, in which case it should recede as the trek overnights at a lower altitude.
Altoxia can have many different symptoms, the most common being headaches, light-headedness, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, and mild swelling of the face, ankles, and fingers. These symptoms can be rather unpleasant, add a new dimension to the adversity faced by trekkers, and can take the shine off the experience. However, in this mild form, altoxia does not generally have serious consequences and normally disappears within 48 hours.
Aspirin is recommended for headaches because it also thins the blood, improving circulation and oxygen delivery to the body. Strong painkillers are not recommended as they can suppress respiration.
The symptoms of altoxia are commonly relieved or even eliminated by the use of an ALTOX Personal Oxygen System or by taking Diamox, more on these methods below.
One unusual but not usually so serious a problem is Cheynes Stokes Breathing, which involves waking up at night gasping for breath. Trekkers should not panic about this, it is simply because the slow breathing at rest is not able to pull in enough oxygen from the thin air. A period of panting should restore you to normality.
ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS
If the symptoms of altoxia become persistent or severe, then there is a danger of acute mountain sickness developing. This is much more severe and must be treated by immediate removal to lower altitudes. There are two distinct forms of this sickness …
HAPE: High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema: “Water On The Lungs”
High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema is characterized, by breathlessness at rest, a very high pulse, a crackling sound in the chest, and the coughing of pink fluid (sputum). This condition is rapidly fatal unless the patient experiences immediate descent. There are no drugs to cure the condition and no possibility of re-ascent following an episode.
HACE: High Altitude Cerebral Oedema: “Swelling Of The Brain”
High Altitude Cerebral Oedema is a combination of two or more of the following: Very severe headache, severe loss of balance, mental confusion, and repeated vomiting. This condition is rapidly fatal unless the casualty experiences immediate descent. There are no drugs to cure the condition and no possibility of re-ascent following an episode.
Treatment Of HAPE And HACE
Trekkers should not be too scared by all this talk, but it is essential to understand that if you push on up the mountain or remain at the same altitude with HAPE or HACE then you will probably die. People do. The only correct resolution is immediate descent.
Our guides are all very experienced in dealing with the problems of altitude. They will be constantly monitoring you for symptoms.
It may be necessary for you to descend to a lower altitude until you recover or even to abandon the trek in the interests of safety. The decision of the guide in such situations is final.
AVOIDING ALTITUDE SICKNESS
Altitude sickness, also known as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), can be avoided by taking several precautions. Gradual ascent is key, allowing your body time to acclimatize to the decreased oxygen levels at higher altitudes. Staying hydrated, avoiding alcohol, and eating a high-carbohydrate diet can also help. It’s also recommended to take rest days during your ascent, and medication like Acetazolamide can be used for prevention. If symptoms of altitude sickness such as headache, dizziness, or shortness of breath occur, it’s crucial to descend to a lower altitude immediately.
High water intake
A fluid intake of 4 to 5 effects per day is recommended. Fluid intake improves circulation and most other bodily functions, but does not increase fluid leakage from the body. Thirst should not be an indicator of proper fluid intake, if your urine is clear then you are drinking enough.
Walk slow
The pace at which you walk is a critical factor on all routes. Unless there is a very steep uphill section your breathing rate should be the same as if you were walking down a street. If you cannot hold a conversation you are walking too fast. Breathing through the nose for the first 2 days of the trek will limit the pace. Walk softly, allowing your knees to gently cushion each pace. “Pole pole” (slowly slowly) is the phrase that will echo around your head as it is repeated to you by the yourliter guides.
Walk high sleep low
If you have enough energy and are not feeling the acclimatization of altitude, then you might take an afternoon stroll further up the mountain before descending to sleep. All our routes already include these recommended acclimatization walks whenever possible.
Personal Oxygen Systems
An ALTOX Personal Oxygen System is a set of equipment that provides a low-dosage, oxygen supply to a trekker on the mountain. Whereas drugs such as Diamox allow you to push your body harder in a high altitude environment, an ALTOX Personal Oxygen System serves to lower the effective altitude, causing your body to have to work less hard. It is therefore much safer and more predictable. All trekkers using an ALTOX Personal Oxygen System should experience considerable relief from the symptoms of extreme altitude, have greater energy, and experience less of the mental haziness that can impair the summit experience, massively increasing the overall levels of enjoyment of the trek. Trekkers using these systems increase their chances of reaching the Crater Rim by 4% and going on to the summit by a remarkable 7%.
Around 37% of all our trekkers now use ALTOX Personal Oxygen Systems, the number rising to 63% on the shorter 5 and 6-night routes. Of course, the additional cost is a considerable factor for some trekkers, so if you choose not to take oxygen then we are more than happy to support you in that decision. Whilst there can indeed be an initial feeling on the part of trekkers that using an oxygen system might be a little over the top, once on the mountain and starting to suffer the first mild symptoms of altoxia, these concerns quickly fade and the vast majority of trekkers are delighted that they have decided to go with oxygen.
On the summit attempt itself, we had anticipated that trekkers from other groups may view those using oxygen rather disparagingly, but in reality, the dynamic seems to be rather different. Everyone without oxygen suffers to such an extent on those nighttime summit pitches that they all want to know why on earth no one told them that they should be using oxygen. As one of our head guides put it: “If we had a little stall renting oxygen kits out at the high camps everyone would have one, no matter what the price!
It is very important to note that we cannot guarantee the availability of ALTOX Personal Oxygen Systems. In peak season we sometimes do not have enough systems to meet demand; the economics make it impossible for us to stock in sufficient numbers. It is therefore essential that you book as far in advance as possible to maximize your chances.
The ALTOX equipment
An ALTOX Personal Oxygen System works by supplying oxygen directly into the nostrils through a small plastic tube, or nasal cannula, connected to a small oxygen cylinder carried in a backpack. The clever part of the system is the controller, or pulse dose meter, which detects when the user is commencing an inward breath and delivers a small and precise dose of oxygen during the first part of the intake, ensuring that the valuable oxygen reaches the deepest parts of the lungs. This method of dosing makes it possible for each oxygen cylinder to last for 7 to 10 hours, rather than the usual 40 to 50 minutes.
ALTOX Personal Oxygen Systems are serious bits of kit, with a proven track record in extreme environments. They have been used since 2007 by American, British, and other armed services, on successful ascents of Mount Everest, by Chinook helicopter pilots and crews during high-altitude special forces deployments, by extreme altitude skydivers and para-gliders, by pilots of unpressurized light aircraft and by pilots of military aircraft in the event of pressurization systems failure.
Each ALTOX Personal Oxygen System comprises …
2 x lightweight oxygen cylinders
1 x regulator
1 x pulse dose meter
1 x inline flow indicator
1 x tubing with nasal cannula
The kit that we provide contains two oxygen cylinders, each weighing 3kg or 6.6lbs. The first cylinder is usually used partly during a practice session during the middle part of a trek and on the evening of the summit attempt. The second cylinder is usually then used for the summit attempt itself. If you are not acclimatising well on the first few days of the trek you can also use some of the oxygen whilst resting at the lower camps to ease your acclimatisation. The kits are carried by the porters on all days when they are being used.
ALTITUDE DRUGS
Altitude drugs, also known as altitude sickness medications, are used to prevent or treat the symptoms of altitude sickness. This condition can occur when someone ascends to high altitudes too quickly. The most common altitude drug is Acetazolamide (Diamox), which works by increasing the amount of bicarbonate excreted in the urine, thus making the blood more acidic and stimulating breathing, improving oxygenation. Other drugs like Dexamethasone and Nifedipine are also used to treat severe cases of altitude sickness. These medications should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
We only provide Emergency Oxygen Systems for treks at our two higher specification levels, Superior and Premium. For the two lower specifications, Basic and Standard, we do not include systems as we do not want to burden treks with unnecessary costs, as outlined below.
What are Emergency Oxygen Systems?
Emergency Oxygen Systems are simply cylinders of compressed oxygen that can be used by trekkers who are starting to show symptoms of altitude sickness and need to be removed from the mountain. They are not used to keep trekkers on the mountain, but only in the event of evacuation.
Emergency Oxygen Systems should not be confused with ALTOX Personal Oxygen Systems. An ALTOX Personal Oxygen System is designed to provide oxygen at low dosages to assist a trekker in continuing their Kilimanjaro climb. An Emergency Oxygen System provides full-flow oxygen to a trekker suffering from acute symptoms as part of their evacuation from the mountain. ALTOX Personal Oxygen Systems can easily be converted for use as Emergency Oxygen Systems by bypassing the pulse dose meter. Still, Emergency Oxygen Systems cannot be converted into ALTOX Personal Oxygen Systems.
Are Emergency Oxygen Systems needed?
For many years we did not carry Emergency Oxygen Systems as part of our standard kit on the mountain, although we have always been able to provide them as an optional paid extra. The main pressure to carry these systems comes from the fact that some of the large charity outfits have started to take them as standard, largely because they have much more mixed clients, some of whom are not particularly well suited to the rigors of the mountain. Some of our competitors have followed suit and now offer emergency oxygen systems as standard. But we continue to advocate that Emergency Oxygen Systems are not essential. Since starting our Kilimanjaro operations in 1999 we have never encountered a situation where one was needed. In all cases, the best and most expedient solution to altitude sickness is early detection and removal to lower altitudes.
Deaths On Mt.Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is the highest peak in Africa and a popular destination for climbers around the world. Despite its popularity, it can be a dangerous endeavor, with an estimated 3-7 climbers dying each year. The primary causes of death are altitude sickness, falls, and hypothermia. The exact number of deaths is difficult to determine due to the lack of a centralized reporting system. Despite the risks, thousands of climbers attempt the trek each year, drawn by the mountain’s beauty and the challenge it presents.
Have People Died On Mt. Kilimanjaro?
Yes, people have died on Mount Kilimanjaro. Despite being considered a “walk-up” mountain, Kilimanjaro is not without its dangers. Altitude sickness is the most common cause of death, but other risks include hypothermia, falls, and other medical conditions. The exact number of deaths is not known, but estimates suggest an average of 3-7 deaths per year among climbers.
Causes Of Death On Mt. Kilimanjaro
Deaths on Mt. Kilimanjaro are relatively rare, but when they do occur, they are most commonly caused by altitude sickness, also known as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). This condition can lead to potentially fatal complications such as High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) or High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE). Other causes of death include hypothermia, falls, and underlying health conditions that can be exacerbated by the extreme conditions on the mountain.
Kilimanjaro Death Zone
The Kilimanjaro Death Zone refers to the area above 8,000 feet on Mount Kilimanjaro where the oxygen levels are significantly lower, making it difficult for humans to survive for extended periods. The reduced oxygen and pressure can lead to altitude sickness, hypothermia, and other life-threatening conditions. Despite the risks, many climbers attempt to reach the summit each year, with some unfortunately succumbing to the harsh conditions of the Death Zone.
How Safe Is It To Climb Mount Kilimanjaro?
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is generally considered safe, especially when compared to other high-altitude climbs. However, it is not without risks. The most common danger is altitude sickness, which can be life-threatening if not managed properly. Other risks include hypothermia, falls, and injuries from rock slides. It is highly recommended to climb with a reputable guide service, stay properly hydrated, and acclimatize to the altitude gradually to mitigate these risks. Despite these precautions, the climb should only be undertaken by individuals who are physically fit and well-prepared.
How To Avoid Death In Mount Kilimanjaro?
To avoid death on Mount Kilimanjaro, it’s crucial to prepare adequately before the climb. This includes physical training, proper acclimatization to high altitudes, and ensuring you’re in good health before the trip. It’s also important to have the right gear, stay hydrated, eat well, and follow the guidance of experienced guides. Recognizing and promptly addressing symptoms of altitude sickness can be life-saving. Lastly, always inform someone about your climbing plans and expected return date.
Climbing Kilimanjaro and Tanzania Wildlife Safaris
The Climbing Kilimanjaro and Tanzania Wildlife Safaris package is a popular tourist package that offers a thrilling adventure in Tanzania. It typically includes a guided climb to the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa, followed by a wildlife safari in the Serengeti National Park or other nearby reserves. The package often includes accommodation, meals, park fees, and transportation, providing a comprehensive experience of both the stunning natural landscapes and diverse wildlife of East Africa.
What Are The Best Kilimanjaro Guidebooks?
There are all very interesting and useful books and guidebooks that have been written on Mount Kilimanjaro. The following books should give you a feel for what the trip will be like. Your local library is also a good resource.
- Stedman, Henry, Kilimanjaro: The Trekking Guide to Africa’s Highest Mountain, 4th edition. Trailblazer Publications.
- Ridgeway, Rick, The Shadow of Kilimanjaro, On Foot Across East Africa. Henry Holt Publishers.
- Salkeld, Audrey and David Breashears, Kilimanjaro: Mountain at the Crossroads. National Geographic Society.
- Withers, Martin B., and David Hosking, Wildlife of East Africa. Princeton University Press.
- Stevenson, Terry, and John Fanshawe, The Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Princeton Field Guides, 2002.
As for the other resources :
Mount Kilimanjaro National Park Website: This is likely the official website of Mount Kilimanjaro National Park, where you can find detailed information about the park, its history, geography, various routes, permits, regulations, and more. It’s a valuable resource for anyone planning a visit to the park.
Kilimanjaro National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Centre: This indicates that Mount Kilimanjaro National Park is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This recognition signifies its outstanding cultural or natural value to humanity.
Acute Mountain Sickness – MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a condition that can affect individuals at high altitudes, including those climbing Kilimanjaro. This medical encyclopedia provides information about the symptoms, prevention, and treatment of AMS, which is important for climbers to be aware of.
KPAP – Kilimanjaro Porters Assistance Project[ KPAP ]is a nonprofit organization, that assists porters of the climbing companies that voluntarily collaborate with their Partner for Responsible Travel Program. To understand the reason why they exist or what they are trying to achieve, it is essential to know about the Porters of Kilimanjaro and their lives.
TANZANIA VACCINATIONS
Tanzania is still a developing nation and as such there is still a lot to be done for Public Health. What this means for you, dear traveler, is a pre-emptive strike against pathogens and germs that threaten to mess with your health and your holiday.
The best way by far is to visit your doctor about six weeks before your trip and ask them about the inoculations and vaccinations required for Tanzania. This ensures that you will get the latest information about the health conditions there and be prepared for it! Briefly, these are the vaccinations you should worry about:
- Yellow Fever: especially important if you are coming from an area where the disease is endemic or commonly found. These include large swathes of Africa and South America. Plan because even if your flight is transiting such a country, you will have to show your yellow fever certificate, without which you will not be able to enter the country. The yellow fever vaccination and certificate cost about $100 in the USA. This varies widely from place to place and is dependent on whether you have insurance. If you have insurance, the same shot can cost between $10 to $40 and may range from $120 to $300 if you do not have insurance.
The same vaccine costs about £50 in the UK to about €40 in Germany.
It is important to note that Yellow fever is the only disease that requires proof of vaccination from travelers as a condition for entry to certain countries. But the silver lining is that, as of 2016, the immunization lasts for your lifetime and you do not require a booster dose at any time. - Typhoid: Usually occurs when you consume contaminated food or water. If you get typhoid, you will feel drained of energy and have headaches and diarrhea. The vaccination for Typhoid provides immunity for up to three years.
- Hepatitis A: Spread by contaminated water. The vaccine is usually combined with the one for Typhoid. Immunity lasts for a year unless a booster dose is taken, which extends it for up to twenty years.
- Tetanus: Highly recommended for Tanzania! This vaccine is usually given as a part of the DPT vaccine, which also covers Diphtheria and Whooping Cough. Most children are vaccinated against this. Do check with your doctor if you need a booster dose.
- Polio: One of the most commonly administered vaccines in childhood, there is a high probability that you have already been vaccinated against this. Immunization lasts for life.
- Meningitis: A vaccination lasts about 5 years, so if you haven’t had a shot in the last 5 years, get one before your trip.
- Rabies: Highly recommended if you plan to take a safari, or interact with animals in general.
GETTING KILIMANJARO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
The trip begins with pick-up at Kilimanjaro International Airport, located between Arusha and Moshi. The most convenient flight is KLM direct from Amsterdam, but other connections may be made through Nairobi, with a short flight to Kilimanjaro. The leader will guide travel plans once you are approved for the trip. Please do not make nonrefundable travel arrangements until notified to do so by the trip leader.
You must have a passport valid for at least six months beyond the date of entry into Tanzania. A Tanzania visa is also required, and details on how you apply for that will be provided once you are approved for the trip.
